The Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Combine has proposed a method of producing steel bars with a carbon content of 0.10-0.55 %. The method includes heating, hot rolling, and cooling of the metal to the ambient temperature on a cooling bed. Rollingis done at the temperature T 1 = (1284 - 132)C, where C is the mean carbon content of the steel (%). Rolling is completed at T 2 = 950~ and the bars are arranged in one or two layers on the cooling bed for cooling. V. N. Urtsev, V. Ao Maslennikov, V. G. Antipanov, et aI., Patent No. 1825319, B21B 3/02, from 25.07.91.

The Kommunarsk Metallurgical Combine has proposed a method of producing thick plates which reduces unit production costs. The method includes heating of the ingot, rolling o n a primary mill, removal of the defective ends of the semifmished product, cutting into slabs, hot rolling on a plate mill, cutting of specimens for mechanical tests, and cutting to measured lengths. The defective ends of the semiflnished product are cut until sound metal is obtained over a lateral area equal to 0.5-0.7 of the width of the slab. The specimens for mechanical testing are cut from the cropped ends of the last slabs rolled~ V. V. Miller, N. M. Khoroshilov, Yu. Yu. Protsenko, et al., Patent No. 1825320, B21B 1/38, from 29.06.90.

The "Izhorskii Zavod" Industrial Association has proposed a method of producing flat directionally crystallized ingots on which the ratio of height to corrected diameter is less than 0.6. Use of the method increases labor productivity by simplifying the production process and shortening preparatory operations. The method involves pouring the molten steel through a submerged metal pipe attached to the ladle or tundish. In the case of conventional casting, the melt is teemed into a lined mold placed on a solid metal stool. Then slag-forming and heat-insulating materials are placed on the surface of the melt and crystallization is allowed to proceed. The pipe used for teeming has a bottom and lateral holes. At the beginning of teeming, the bottom of the pipe is poskioned inside the mold cavity 50-100 mm from the surface of the stool. The pipe is then moved to a higher position as the mold fills with metal. N. A. Khlyamkov, V. G. Vasil'ev, A. F. Kozlov, et al., Patent No. 1825323, B22D 7/00, from 31.01.90.
The Institute of Casting Problems of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences has developed a unit for the submerged casting of metals which broadens the range of castings that can be produced. The unit includes a crucible and encased upper and lower half-molds with gates and risers. The upper half-mold is water-cooled. The unit also has a plunger, which is located on the bottom of the crucible. The casing has a flange on its bottom, the flange being separated a certain distance from the plunger. F. M. Kottyarskii, V. S. Gavrish, G. P. Borisov, et al., Patent No. 1825324, B22D 23/04, from 09.04.90.

The Verkhnaya Salda Metallurgical Production Association has proposed a method of extruding products made of high-strength alloys which employs lubricants. In the method, the semifinished product is heated, coated with a heat-insulating material, installed in the container of the extruder with a lubricating ring, and extruded through a die at a prescribed rate. Prior to extrusion, an additional ring made of a chemically active material is placed between the surface of the die and the lubricating ring, and a layer of the same active material is applied to the insulating coating on the semifinished product. A. M. Dekun, Patent No. 1819169, B21C 23/32, from 16.08.91.

The "Kommunar" Automobile Plant in Zaporozh'e has proposed a method of making the web of truck wheels by drawing a hollow semifinished product and shaping and piercing holes in the relief zones that are to form the conical and cylindrical sections. An annular projection with an adjacent depression is formed on the surface of the product around each hole simultaneously with the formation of the relief zones and conical sections. The projections extend from the cylindrical sections toward the conical sections. D. I. Shumeiko, S. I. Kravchun, P. D. Shumeiko, et al., Patent No. 1819172, B21D 22/30, from 23.08.91. 弯曲焊接单元英文文献和中文翻译(2):http://www.youerw.com/fanyi/lunwen_6797.html