硝铵盐表面防吸湿改性的沉淀聚合工艺初探

摘要本实验对甲基丙烯酸酯类沉淀聚合对硝酸铵表面改性进行了研究。以已有的甲基丙烯酸甲酯沉淀聚合工艺为基础，甲基丙烯酸丙酯为单体，分别探索了单体浓度、引发剂比例、反应时间对包覆效果的影响另外，又在指定工艺条件下，以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯作为共聚单体，探索了不同共聚单体比例对硝酸铵包覆效果的影响。
    结果表明：在以上甲基丙烯酸丙酯工艺条件下基本可稳定控制包覆层质量分数在0.26%~1.12%范围内；包覆层质量分数随单体浓度的增加而增大、随引发剂比例的增加而增大和随反应时间的增长而增大；其吸湿率反之。当以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯作为共聚单体时，当比例为1:1时包覆效果最好；在吸湿条件为30。C，70%Nacl下，当单体浓度为20%、引发剂比例0.7%、反应时间8h时，所得的包覆产品吸湿率降幅最大，为5.04%。 21397
关键词甲基丙烯酸丙酯沉淀聚合包覆层吸湿率
关键词 2,6-二溴-4-氨基吡啶，氧化，硝化，还原，总收率
毕业论文设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title On the surface of ammonium nitrate precipitation polymerization technology of moisture absorption of modified
Abstract
The surface midification of AN by precipitation polymerization with MMA was researched in this paper.
On the basis of existing precipitation polymerization ,the effect of the monomer concentration,the proportion of initiator, reaction time on the coating function was researched respectively.Besides, the effect of different mixture ratio of two monomers for copolymer on the coating function was explored.
.Experiment results showed：in the above process the mass fraction of coating layer could be stable controlled with the range of 0.26% ~ 1.12% basicly.The mass of coating layer increased with the increasing concentration of monomer, the increase of the proportion of the initiator, and the increase of the reaction time. But moisture absorption rate was on the contrary. When with the mixture of methyl methacrylate and methyl propyl hygroscopic butyl ester as co-monomer.coating function was the best with the proportion of 1:1 for two monomers.On the condition of 30。C, 70% NaCl solution,when the concentration of monomer was 20% and initiator was 0.7%, reaction time was 8h, the moisture absorption rate of the coated products had the larges t declining of 5.04%.
Keywords propyl methacrylate,precipitation polymerization,coating layer,hydroscopicity
目   次
1 绪论    1
1.1 概述    1
1.2 国内外进展    1
1.3 科学意义和应用前景    3
2 实验部分    4
2.1 仪器药品    4
2.2 实验原理    4
2.3 方案设计    6
2.4 实验步骤    6
2.5 问题讨论    19
结论    20
展望    21
致谢    22
参考文献23
1 绪论
1.1 概述

硝铵盐固体颗粒是一类重要的无机粒状材料，如硝酸铵、二硝酰胺铵等。其作为氧化剂具有能量高、密度大、性能稳定、燃烧时无烟或少烟等优点，被广泛的用于炸药、推进剂等领域[1]。但是，硝铵盐固体颗粒易吸湿，造成运输、贮存过程中结块[2]，炸药爆炸能量降低[3]，推进剂燃速减小[4]等问题。
以硝酸铵为例，硝酸铵的分子式为NH4NO3。常温常压下，纯净硝酸铵是白色无结晶水的结晶体，其相对密度为1.725，熔点为169℃，沸点为210℃，易溶于水、丙酮、氨水，微溶于乙醇，不溶于四氢呋喃、三氯甲烷、石油醚等溶剂[5,6]。硝铵盐表面防吸湿改性的沉淀聚合工艺初探:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_13581.html