高活性硝酸钡的制备工艺研究

摘要通过改变膨化剂、复合盐、催化剂等变量制备不同的改性硝酸钡，并用以制作爆竹，测试性能得出最佳方案。使用正交设计法设计实验方案，制备高活性膨化硝酸钡时对膨化剂的用量、催化剂种类、复合盐的用量的改变，得到不同条件下的产物。在使用硝酸- 碳酸钡法制备硝酸钡，然后依次加入复合盐、催化剂、膨化剂；蒸发结晶；放入马弗炉高温处理半小时后研磨得出改性硝酸钡样品。这样处理以后使硝酸钡的晶体中产生多孔结构、气泡、凹陷或者使硝酸钡固体颗粒表面发生歧化，这些变化都可以使硝酸钡烟火药的爆炸性能提高。膨化硝酸钡与普通的硝酸钡相比，吸湿率有所减小，堆积密度也会减小。用改性硝酸钡试样制作炸药，测试其爆炸性能，得出在 100g 硝酸钡的定量条件下，使用 2 号催化剂、10g 膨化剂以及 15g 复合盐，这种改性硝酸钡爆炸性能最好，工艺制备方法最为优秀。74528

毕业论文关键词硝酸钡膨化烟火药爆炸性能

毕业设计说明书外文摘要

Title Study On Preparing Technique of High-activity Barium Nitrate

Abstract This article uses the orthogonal design method to design experiments。Through changing vesicant,catalyst and compound salt to get different produces when preparing the high-activity barium nitrate。adding compound salt,catalyst and vesicant after using barium carbonate and concentrated nitric acid to prepare the barium nitrate。Then let the solution evaporation crystallization。Next put the solid samples into the muffle in order to high-temperature processing half an hour。 Finally grinding the solid samples。Through this process preparation methods barium nitrate crystal can get porosity,bubble and crystal defects,and it also can make barium nitrate particle surface become disproportionate which improves the explosive performance of barium nitrate。Compare with the barium nitrate ,the moisture absorption and the bulk density of high-activity barium nitrate is decrease。Using high-activity barium nitrate to solid samples to make firecrackers in order to test explosive performance。Finally the conclusion is under the condition of producing 100 grams of barium nitrate,using No。2 catalyst ,10 grams vesicants and 15 grams compound salt to make the high-activity barium nitrate is the best program which has excellent explosive property。

Keywords barium nitrate explosive property vesicant firecracker

1 绪论 2

1。1 高活性硝酸钡的研究背景和现实意义 2

1。2 硝酸盐作为烟火药氧化剂的优劣研究现状 3

1。3 高活性硝酸钡的制备工艺研究现状 4

1。4 本课题研究的主要内容 5

2。1 硝酸钡膨化机理 6

2。2 制备工艺 6

2。2。1 实验所用试剂 6

2。2。2 实验所用仪器设备 7

2。2。3 试验流程 7

2。2。4 实验工艺流程 8

2。2。5 试验方法的确定 11

2。2。6 工艺流程注意事项 12

2。3 利用正交实验法设计实验方案高活性硝酸钡的制备工艺研究:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_85158.html