留守青少年团伙犯罪的形成机制研究
时间:2018-11-21 15:06 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要中国青少年犯罪研究会的统计资料表明，近年来，青少年犯罪总数已经占到全国刑事犯罪总数的70%以上，18岁以下的未成年人犯罪又占青少年犯罪案件总数的80%以上。而青少年团伙犯罪是我国青少年犯罪的一大显著特点，且其中留守青少年所占比例较大。社会各界人士对此做了较为详细的研究，囊括各个层面，但仍然缺乏较为有效的原因解释。为了能够明晰青少年团伙犯罪的生成机制和发展逻辑，同时也为青少年团伙犯罪的干预措施提供一定的借鉴和参考，本次研究从动态的视角出发，采用实地研究法和个案访谈法，对一个特定的青少年盗窃团伙成员进行调查。通过重构其形成的大致过程并运用霍斯曼的社会交换理论、马斯洛的需求层次理论、萨瑟兰的差异交往理论和布迪厄的“场域—惯习”视角进行分析。研究发现从青少年相识到最终实施团伙作案，一共经历了4个阶段，分别是：相识、关系发展、团伙形成和团伙作案。每个阶段都有其形成的内在要素，阶段与阶段之间的过渡其实是影响团体性质的核心因素发生了变化。而导致团体性质向团伙发展的关键要素就是团体成员在惯犯的引领下，学习犯罪行为，接受犯罪思想。长时间处于这样一个场域，他们的犯罪惯习也就相应产生了。所以，结论得出实施团伙犯罪和几人是否是留守青少年没有直接的关系，和几人在学校是否被贴上“坏学生”的身份标签也没有直接的关系，和他们经常呆在一起玩游戏、聚餐更没有直接的关系。但是，这些因素综合在一起，却使得他们和其他的青少年相比，有更大的可能性去实施团伙犯罪。故相关预防工作应该重点在阶段三介入，可收到更好的预防效果。30416 关键词 留守青少年 团伙犯罪 生成机制 发展阶段 个案访谈法 毕业论文外文摘要 Title The Formation Mechanism of Left-behind Adolescents Gang Crimes Abstract The statistics from China Youth Crime Research Association indicate that the total number of juvenile delinquency has accounted for more than 70% of the total national criminal crime and the figure of cases committed by the age under 18 has made up for over 80% of the number of juvenile delinquency. Juvenile gang crimes account a large proportion in juvenile delinquency in China and the left-behind adolescents are a major group. People from all walks of life have conducted detailed studies and found different formation factors covering almost every level. But few are valid. In order to clarify the formation mechanism and developmental logic of juvenile gang crimes, and provide reference for the intervention measures, the method of on-the-spot investigation and case interview as well as a dynamic perspective was used to study a specific adolescent criminal gang. By restructuring and conducting Houseman Social Exchange Theory, Maslow Hierarchy of Needs, Differential Association Theory and Bourdieu Field Habitus theoretical analysis on the forming procedure, four stages that comprise being acquainted, becoming good friends, gang formation and committing gang crime were found. Each stage has its inherent elements, and the transition between stages was caused by the core factors influencing the nature of the group. The key transition part is that members are guided to contact criminal feelings and learn criminal skills by the habitual offenders. Such a long time in the field, they also produced a corresponding habitus of crime. So it is concluded that committed gang crimes is not directly linked to left-behind adolescents, the label of bad students and the hobby of hanging out. But if these factors are combined together, the possibility of gang crimes would be higher compared to others. Based on the results of the study, in order to receive better prevention effect, related prevention or intervention measures should be implemented in stage three. (责任编辑：qin) |