摘要：白鹤芋为天南星科苞叶芋属多年生草本植物，原产于中南美洲和东南亚，是欧洲最受欢迎的室内观叶植物之一。白鹤芋具有独特的佛焰苞和花序，观赏性极强。但目前国内外对白鹤芋开花特性及花序结构的研究不多。本研究以温室生长至开花阶段的4个盆栽白鹤芋品种为材料，对其花芽分化过程、佛焰花序性状及小花结构等进行观察。观察结果表明：白鹤芋花芽分化分为6个时期，即未分化时期、苞片原基分化期、花序原基分化期、花序原基膨大期、花序小花原基分化期、小花分化期。白鹤芋小花结构为两性花，由花被片、雄蕊、雌蕊、子房构成，根据花被片数量可以分为4种类型，即4个花被片、5个花被片、6个花被片和8个花被片。29046
毕业论文关键词：白鹤芋；花序；花芽分化；小花结构
Observation on Morphology and Histological Characteristics of Flower Organs of Spathiphyllum
Abstract：Spathiphyllum is a perennial herb of Araceae, which is native to Central and South America and Southeast Asia and is one of the most popular indoor foliage plants in Europe. Spathiphyllum has a unique flamingo, highly ornamental value. But at present, there are few reports on the research of the flowering characteristics and inflorescence structure of Spathiphyllum at home and abroad. In this study, four potted cultivars of Spathiphyllum varieties were used to study the flower bud differentiation process, floral inflorescence traits and flower structure. The differentiation of flower buds was pided into six periods: the differentiation period, the bract stage primordium differentiation stage, the inflorescence primordium differentiation stage, the inflorescence primordium enlargement stage, the differentiation stage of the flower primordium and the differentiation stage of the flowers. The structure of Spathiphyllum is bisexual flower, which is composed of perianth segments, stamens, pistil and ovary. It can be pided into four types according to the number of perianth segments, namely, four perianth, five perianth, six perianth and eight perianth type.
Key words：Spathiphyllum; Flames inflorescence; flower bud differentiation; flower structure
目 录
摘要 3
关键词 3
Abstract 3
Key words 3
引言 3
1 材料与方法 5
1.1 试验材料 5
1.2 试验方法 5
1.2.1白鹤芋盆栽材料的准备 5
1.2.2花序形态的测定与观察 5
1.2.3花芽分化过程的形态特征观察 5
1.2.4花序解剖与观察 5
2 结果与分析 5
2.1 不同白鹤芋品种的形态特征 5
2.2白鹤芋花芽分化过程观察 7
2.2.1白鹤芋花芽分化形态学观察 7
2.2.2白鹤芋花芽分化组织学观察 7
2.3白鹤芋植株肉穗花序观察 8
2.4白鹤芋植株小花结构和类型 9
3 讨论 9
致谢 10
参考文献 11
白鹤芋花器官形态及组织学特征观察
引言白鹤芋( Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. & K.Krause)，又称白掌、和平芋、苞叶芋，为天南星科、苞叶芋属多年生草本植物，原产中南美洲和东南亚[1]。白鹤芋的原产地是哥伦比亚，生长于热带雨林中，因其具有观赏性极强的佛焰花序，以及独特的叶形，兼具观花观叶的特性。白鹤芋不仅生长旺盛，耐阴，还具有过滤有毒气体的作用，深受人们的青睐，因此常用于室内美化装饰，成为欧洲最受欢迎的室内观赏植物之一。20世纪80年代开始大量作为商品性观赏植物引人中国, 近年来，随着我国人民生活水平的提高，白鹤芋一直供不应求[2]，成为了中国观叶植物产业发展的先锋和重要观叶植物[3]。 白鹤芋花器官形态及组织学特征观察:http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_24122.html