切花菊叶片的遗传多样性分析

摘要：[目的]在形态学水平上研究切花菊叶片的遗传多样性。[方法]对 189 个切花菊品种的 12 个叶部性状进行观测和统计，包括性状的分布分析、性状在品种内的稳定性和品种间的差异性分析以及主成分分析。[结果]（1）2/3（6 个）的数量性状符合正态分布；（2）质量性状在品种群内的分布都不均匀；（3）叶长、叶宽、叶柄相对于叶的长度、叶柄与茎的夹角、叶上表面绿色程度和叶基部形状，这 6 个性状同时符合品种内稳定性好和品种间差异明显的要求；（4）对叶部形态影响最大的性状主要是顶生裂片相对于叶的长度、最低位一级裂刻深度、叶边缘锯齿数量和叶基部形状；（5）叶部性状综合得分较高的品种有‘南农凯歌’、‘南农朱雀’、‘南农单金翠’、‘南农紫庐’、‘南农金焰’、‘南农粉葵’、‘欧元黄’和‘南农凯悦’等。[结论] 切花菊叶片具有丰富的遗传多样性，顶生裂片相对于叶的长度、最低位一级裂刻深度、叶边缘锯齿数量和叶基部形状是引起切花菊叶部形态差异的主要原因。37993
毕业论文关键词：切花菊；叶；形态学；遗传多样性
Genetic persity analysis of cut chrysanthemum’s leaves
Abstract：[Objectives] The genetic persity analysis of cut chrysanthemum’s leaves was studied on the morphology. [Methods]The 12 leaf traits of 189 cut chrysanthemums were observed and counted, including trait distribution analysis, stability analysis of traits in varieties, difference analysis of traits among varieties, as well as principal component analysis. [Results] (1) Two thirds of the quantitative traits are in accordance with normal distribution. (2) The distribution of quality traits in varieties is uneven. (3) There are 6 traits satisfying the requirements that having good stability within varieties and clear difference among varieties. They are the length of leaf, the width of leaf, the length of petiole relative to leaf, the angle between petiole and stem, the green degree of leaf surface and the shape of leaf base. (4) The most influential traits on leaf morphology are the length of apical lobe relative to leaf, the depth of the lowest bit crack, the number of leaf serrates at margin and the shape of leaf base. (5) The varieties having high comprehensive score on leaf traits are ‘Nannongkaige’, ‘Nannongzhuque’, ‘Nannongdanjincui’, ‘Nannongzilu’, ‘Nannongjinyan’, ‘Nannongfenkui’, ‘Ouyuanhuang’, ‘Nannongkaiyue’, etc. [Conclusions] The leaves of cut chrysanthemum have rich genetic persity. The main reasons for the difference of leaf morphology of cut chrysanthemum are the length of apical lobe relative to leaf, the depth of the lowest bit crack, the number of leaf serrates at margin and the shape of leaf base. Key words: cut chrysanthemum; leaf; morphology; genetic persity

目录

摘要2
关键词2
Abstract2
Keywords2
引言2
1材料与方法3
1.1材料3
1.2方法4
1.2.1性状选取与数据采集4
1.2.2最佳颜色参数的确定5
1.2.3数量性状的分布分析5
1.2.4质量性状的分布分析6
1.2.5品种内性状的稳定性分析6
1.2.6品种间性状的差异性分析6
1.2.7主成分分析6
2结果与分析6
2.1最佳颜色参数的确定6
2.2数量性状的分布分析7
2.3质量性状的分布分析10
2.4品种内性状的稳定性分析11
2.5品种间性状的差异性分析12
2.6主成分分析12
3讨论15
3.1切花菊叶部数量性状的分布类型15
3.2切花菊叶部质量性状的分布特点15
3.3切花菊叶部性状遗传多样性的综合评价15
参考文献16
菊花（Chrysanthemum morifolium）是我国十大传统名花和世界四大切花之一，观赏和经济价值极高[1,2]。菊花叶片形态的多样性是影响其生长发育和观赏品质的一个重要因素。通常所说的遗传多样性主要是指种内不同群体之间或同一群体内不同个体间的遗传变异[3,4]。对栽培植物的遗传多样性进行研究，有利于我们充分发现和利用各种基因和基因型资源，预期重要经济性状或观赏性状的变异并加以科学地利用[5]。菊花的多种间杂交起源和菊属植物种间广泛的种质渗透决定了菊花丰富的遗传多样性，经过长期的人工栽培和选育，又产生了极为丰富的种下变异。距记载，目前我国菊花品种超过了3000个[6]。《中国菊花图谱》[7]中展现了菊花叶片丰富的变异类型。但是，截至目前只有部分性状变异系数的分析，尚未见其形态学主要性状分布、分布规律、科学分级相关性等遗传多样性相关分析的报道[8]。因此，本试验在形态学水平上对切花菊叶片进行遗传多样性分析，筛选出品种内稳定性好、品种间差异明显、对叶型起决定性作用的性状，以及叶部特性良好的品种，以期为切花菊品种资源的分类与鉴定、科学利用以及育种工作ᨀ供参考资料。切花菊叶片的遗传多样性分析:http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_36890.html