摘要：中国羊的品种丰富，肉品质良好，但是关于羊亲缘关系和起源问题一直是育种者所关注的，本次研究采用了PCR扩增技术、DNA测序技术及系统进化树的方法对海门羊、波尔羊、徐淮羊和湖羊4个羊品种GPR40家族基因的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行研究，检测了4种羊品种12个成年个体的多个的GPR40、GPR41、GPR42和GPR43基因的扩序列多态性，然后对得到的基因序列用ClustalX(1.83)软件进行对比，寻找其序列的多态性，再用MEGA4软件打开对比后的碱基序列，并制作了分子发育进化树，发现4个羊品种GPR40家族基因存在丰富的遗传多样性，揭示了品种间的亲缘关系，所获得的相关分子遗传学信息，为进一步保护、开发、利用羊的种质资源、建立数据库和提高羊的生产性能提供非常重要的科学依据。结果显示：系统进化树分为两支，可见二者在起源上相差较远，山羊属（Capra)的野山羊（C.aegagrus)是家养山羊最可能的野生祖先，特塞尔羊是外来种，和其他羊相比起源还有待研究，研究结果可为后续研究提供基础资料。40833
毕业论文关键词：海门羊 波尔多羊 徐淮羊 湖羊 基因 亲缘关系
GPR40 has a persity of family based on four sheep genetic relationships
Abstract: Chinese sheep breeds rich, good quality meat, but on kinship and origin of sheep breeders have been concerns, this study uses a PCR amplification, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic approach to Haimen sheep , Boer sheep , Xuhuai sheep and hu sheep four sheep breeds and genetic persity and relationship GPR40 family genes were studied to detect four sheep breeds more than 12 adult inpiduals of GPR40, expand GPR41, GPR42 and GPR43 genes sequence polymorphisms and gene sequences obtained by ClustalX (1.83) software to compare, look for polymorphic sequence, then MEGA4 software to open after comparing the nucleotide sequence, and produced a molecular phylogenetic tree Discovery 4 the presence of sheep breeds gene GPR40 family genetic persity, reveal genetic relationships among species, relevant molecular genetics information obtained for further protection, development and utilization of sheep germplasm, the establishment of a database and improve sheep production performance provides a very important scientific basis. The results show: the phylogenetic tree is pided into two branches, both in origin visible far away, Capra (Capra) wild goats (C.aegagrus) is the most likely domesticated goat wild ancestors, Texel sheep are exotic species , and compared to other sheep origin remains to be studied, the findings may provide a basis for future study.
Keywords: Haimen sheep；Boer sheep；Xu Huai sheep；Hu sheep；gene；Kinship
 目录
引言    4
1 材料与方法    5
1.1 实验材料    5
1.1.1 实验动物    5
1.1.2实验试剂    5
1.2 仪器设备    6
1.3 试验方法    7
1.3.1 血液样本的采集    7
1.3.2 羊血样中基因组DNA的提取方法    7
1.3.3 电泳检测DNA的质量、计算浓度和纯化    7
1.3.4 DNA的分光光度法检测    7
1.3.5 DNA的纯化    7
1.4引物设计    8
1.4.1 扩增核糖体基因所用引物    8
1.4.2 扩增GPR40家族基因所用引物    8
1.5 统计分析方法与分子系统发生树的构建    8
2 GPR40家族基因实验结果及分析    9
2.1  4个品种GPR40家族基因序列扩增及测序    9
2.2平均碱基    13
2.3平均遗传距离    13
2.4系统进化树    14
    2.5多态性分析    15 GPR40家族具有多样性对4个羊品种亲缘关系的研究:http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_39258.html