摘要：本实验以蒲公英为原料，采用微波提取技术，为了研究优化蒲公英花中总黄酮和皂苷的最佳提取工艺采取单因素和正交的实验方法，包括料液比、微波功率、酒精浓度，微波时间，同时测定蒲公英根、叶和花序中皂苷含量及其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明，最佳提取条件为：在料液比1:25、中火、微波时间3 min、乙醇浓度为80%。此条件下，总黄酮提取率为0.29%。最佳提取条件为：料液比1:30、解冻、微波时间4 min、乙醇浓度90%。在此条件下，皂苷的提取率为7.507%。蒲公英皂苷提取液具有不同程度的抗氧化活性。根对超氧负离子自由基的清除率为95.32%，叶75.23%，花72.36%。根提取液对羟自由基清除率为91.06%，叶83.45%，花88.36%。39113
毕业论文关键词：蒲公英；花；总黄酮；皂苷；微波提取；抗氧化
Studying on the Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids and Saponins from Taraxacum Flower by Microwave and its Antioxidant Activities
Abstract: To explore the influence factors impacting extraction rate of total flavonoids and saponins from taraxacum flower by microwave,by single factor and L9(34) orthogonal experiment, the influence factors included solid-liquid ratio, microwave power，alcohol concentrationand and microwave  time from the point of extraction rate of polysaccharide. At the same time, the taraxacum content and antioxidant activities of wild root, flowers and stems-leaves was detected. The results showed that the optimal conditions of total flavonoids were as follows: the 1:25 ratio of solid-liquid, microwave power was middle fire alcohol concentrationand 80% and microwave  time for 3 min.  Under this condition, the extraction rate of 0.29% fermented polysaccharides. And The results showed that the optimal conditions of total flavonoids were as follows : the 1:30 ratio of solid-liquid, microwave power was middle-high fire, alcohol concentrationand 80% and microwave  time for 4 min.  Under this condition, the extraction rate of 7.507% fermented polysaccharides. The clearance rates of superoxide anion radical in different parts of taraxacumwere as follows: 95.32% of root, 72.36% of flowers and 75.23% of stem-leaf. The clearance rates of hydroxyl radical in different parts of taraxacum were as follows: 91.06% of root,  88.36% of flowers, 83.45% of stem-leaf.
Keywords: Taraxacum; Flowers; Total flavonoids; Saponin; Microwave extraction; Antioxidant
目    录

摘  要    1
引言    2
1 实验部分    2
1.1 实验所用材料、试剂及仪器    2
1.2 总黄酮的测定    2
1.2.1 芦丁标准溶液的配制    2
1.2.2 标准曲线的绘制    2
1.2.3 蒲公英总黄酮提取工艺流程    3
1.2.4 测定总黄酮的提取率    3
1.3皂苷的测定    3
1.3.1 齐墩果酸标准溶液的配制    3
1.3.2 标准曲线的绘制    3
1.3.3 蒲公英皂苷提取工艺流程    4
1.3.4 皂苷提取率的测定    4
1.4 单因素及正交实验    4
1.5 抗氧化活性    4
1.5.1 蒲公英提取液对超氧阴离子自由基清除活性    4
1.5.2 蒲公英提取液对羟自由基清除活性    4
2 结果与讨论    4
2.1 单因素实验    4
2.1.1 乙醇浓度的选择    4
2.1.2 微波处理时间的选择    5
2.1.3 料液比的选择    5
2.1.4 微波功率的选择    6
2.2 正交试验结果    6
2.3 抗氧化试验结果    8
2.3.1 蒲公英根叶花对超氧负离子自由基的清除作用    8 蒲公英花中总黄酮和皂苷微波同步提取工艺及抗氧化活性:http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_39361.html