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plastic packaging because of the different handlingcharacteristics of rigid packaging. The low weight-to-volume ratio of films and plastic bags also makes itless economically viable to invest in the necessary col-lection and sorting facilities. However, plastic films arecurrently recycled from sources including secondarypackaging such as shrink-wrap of pallets and boxesand some agricultural films, so this is feasible underthe right conditions. Approaches to increasing the re-cycling of films and flexible packaging could includeseparate collection, or investment in extra sorting andprocessing facilities at recovery facilities for handlingmixed plastic wastes. In order to have successful recy-cling of mixed plastics, high-performance sorting ofthe input materials needs to be performed to ensurethat plastic types are separated to high levels of purity;there is, however, a need for the further developmentof endmarkets for each polymer recyclate stream.The effectiveness of post-consumer packaging recy-cling could be dramatically increased if the persity ofmaterials were to be rationalized to a subset of currentusage. For example, if rigid plastic containers rangingfrom bottles, jars to trays were all PET, HDPE and PP,without clear PVC or PS, which are problematic tosort from co-mingled recyclables, then all rigid plasticpackaging could be collected and sorted to makerecycled resins with minimal cross-contamination. Thelosses of rejected material and the value of the recycledresins would be enhanced. In addition, labels andadhesive materials should be selected to maximize recy-cling performance. Improvements in sorting/separationwithin recycling plants give further potential for bothhigher recycling volumes, and better eco-efficiency bydecreasing waste fractions, energy and water use (see§3). The goals should be to maximize both thevolume and quality of recycled resins.9. CONCLUSIONSIn summary, recycling is one strategy for end-of-lifewaste management of plastic products. It makesincreasing sense economically as well as environmen-tally and recent trends demonstrate a substantialincrease in the rate of recovery and recycling of plasticwastes. These trends are likely to continue, but somesignificant challenges still exist from both technologi-cal factors and from economic or social behaviourissues relating to the collection of recyclable wastes,and substitution for virgin material.Recycling of a wider range of post-consumer plasticpackaging, together with waste plastics from consumergoods and ELVs will further enable improvement inrecovery rates of plastic waste and persion fromlandfills. Coupled with efforts to increase the use andspecification of recycled grades as replacement ofvirgin plastic, recycling of waste plastics is an effectiveway to improve the environmental performance of thepolymer industry.REFERENCESACRR 2004 Good practices guide on waste plastics recycling.Brussels, Belgium: Association of Cities and Regions forRecycling.Aguado, J., Serrano, D. P. & San Miguel, G. 2007 Europeantrends in the feedstock recycling of plastic wastes. 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