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The efficiency of sieve plates is not inferior to that of bubble cap plates, and at large gas loads they approach the efficiency of valved plates. In Figs.4a, 5, and 10 data are given on the efficiency, resistance and region of stable operation of these plates. The "Giproneftemash" has worked out a special method for hydraulic design of plates. At the present time, sieve plates with baffle elements are used in nitrogen-water cooling plants. Use of these plates hats reduced the weight of scrubbers by a factor of two. Vacuum columns, for which sieve plates with baffle elements are recommended, occupy about 10% in the overall volume of column apparatus. Use of combined vacuum columns with sieve plates having baffles, valved plates with baffles, or grid baffles of the "Giproneftemash" construction permits reducing their weight by about 50%. At the present time the "Giproneftemash" is working on the production of brand-new equipment and the introduction of already-developed ones which ensure further increase in efficiency of column apparatus. To the list of important problems of the "Giproneftemash" in the region of producing column apparatus belong the following: intensifying the process of working on decreasing the weight and size of apparatus, lowering the metal content of domestic assemblies, increasing the operating range of new constructions, development in principle of new directions in the field of improving separation processes and of methods of design applicable to automatic machinery, and carrying out work on concentration of project exploitation and column design. The solution of these problems is being carried out in close connection with project institutes and machIne production factories.
新的分馏塔结构
分馏和吸收塔是一个基本的以及最重要的形式的技术在炼油装置、石化等行业。
直到1962年,国内炼油机工厂推出主要分馏或其他塔装置通灵板或泡沫帽。论文网
炼油量的增加,需要准备纯产品化学工业的需求,再加上其他因素,需要新型、大型、金属结构、高效设备的生产来确保运行可靠和尖端产品分离。
为了这些目的，8家测试单位已在国家科学研究计划所和规划石油设备研究所(Giproneftemash)，设计开展实验条件结构和调查工作与生产和新型的分馏塔引入国内产业。单位组成，直径从300到1200毫米，在空气--水系统或邻二甲苯--甲苯的操作，在温度达到200°C、压力在1--10 kg/cm2。
在水--空气系统（制冷）的一个操作主单元是一个有机玻璃塔，直径1200mm，其中三个塔板为了被测试已经设置了。机组运行在一个封闭的水循环中,由泵从一个水库转移作为从塔的底板提供到塔的顶板。空气是由风机从大气中获得的,在塔的下夹板下, 通过这个板和上板的挡板，出口到大气中。