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MECHANICS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE
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Reinforced concrete (English: Reinforced Concrete and Ferroconcrete or abbreviated as RC), projects are often referred to as reinforced concrete (t æ NG). Joining means in concrete reinforced with a combination of working together to improve the mechanical properties of concrete materials, a stiffening of concrete one of the most common forms.6946
Invention of reinforced concrete appeared in modern times, usually people think that was invented in 1848. In 1868 a France gardener won include reinforced concrete flower pots, followed by and applied to the guardrail of Highway reinforced concrete beam-column joints of the patent. In 1872, the world's first reinforced concrete structure buildings in the United States New York completed building a new era began in the history of mankind, reinforced concrete structure in 1900 after years in the engineering sector are the weapons used. In 1928, a new type of prestressed reinforced concrete appears in the form of reinforced concrete structures, and, after the second world war has been widely used in engineering practice. Reinforced concrete of the invention and application of steel in the construction industry in the Middle 19th century made possible the construction of high-rise building and large-span bridges.
Reinforced concrete is one of the most important building materials today, but its inventor is neither an engineer nor a building material experts, but as a man of France called Le Mounier, a gardener. Le Mounier had a big garden, open year-round with beautiful flowers, but tourists flower stamp. To this end, Le Mounier often think: "is there any way to enable people to set foot on the bed, not easy stepping on broken?" One day, Le Mounier moves when you grow flowers and accidentally broke a potted plant, flower pot falling into pieces, the soil around the root only package into a group. "Oh! longipes roots criss-cross, to connect the loosened soil firmly together!" He inspired from this matter, root into a mesh of wires follow the flowers and trees, and then together with cement, sand and gravel mix, flower beds, and very strong.
Concrete and reinforced concrete are used as building materials in every country. In many, including the United States and Canada, reinforced concrete in a dominate structural in engineered construction. The universal nature of reinforced concrete construction stems from the wide availability of reinforcing bars and the constituents of concrete, gravel, sand, and cement, the relatively simple skills required in concrete construction, and the economy of reinforced concrete compared to other form of construction. Concrete and reinforced concrete are used in bridges, buildings of all sorts, underground structures, water tanks, television towers, offshore oil exploration and production structures, dams, and even in ships.
1. Concrete
1.1 Properties and Uses of Normal Concrete
Concrete is a man-made composite the major constituent of which is natural aggregate (such as gravel and sand) and binding medium (such as cement paste, bitumen and polymers). The binding medium is used to bind the aggregate particles together to form a hard composite material.
In its hardened state concrete is a rock-like material with a high compressive strength. By virtue of the ease with which fresh concrete in its plastic state may be moulded into any shape it may be used for decorative purposes.
Normal concrete has a comparatively low tensile strength and for structural applications it is normal practice either to incorporate steel bars to resist any tensile forces (steel reinforced concrete) or to apply compressive forces to the concrete to counteract these tensile forces (pre-stressed concrete or post-stressed concrete). Concrete is also used in conjunction with other materials, for example, it may form the compression flange of a box section and the remainder of which is steel (composite construction). Concrete is used structurally in buildings, shell structures, bridges, sewage-treatment works, railway sleepers, roads, cooling towers, dams, chimneys, harbours, off-shore, coastal protection works and so on. It is used also for a wide range of precast concrete products which include concrete blocks, cladding panels, pipes and lamp standards.