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摘要近年来，随着我国广大地区城镇化及工业化的快速发展，人地矛盾愈发严重，许多国土资源遭到严重破坏，尤以耕地为重，自然环境正在不断恶化。在我国西北地区，有大大小小许多煤矿，煤矿的开采工作使得大面积的土地资源遭受打击，耕地严重坍塌，阻碍了社会发展的脚步，影响了资源利用的可持续性。40551
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在这种情况下，煤矿塌陷区的土地复垦应运而生。一方面，它可以起到保护环境，防止塌陷区破坏进一步加深的作用；另一方面，它还可以促进土地可持续发展，缓解人地矛盾。本文通过对徐州市潘安煤矿采煤塌陷区的土地破坏特征进行分析，基于不同环境下土地复垦的条件，划分潘安煤矿土地塌陷区的类型，对采煤塌陷区做土地适宜性评价，评定复垦方向。通过评定，圈划出三种复垦方案。对塌陷前土质肥沃而塌陷后成为中低产田的塌陷地实施农作物种植复垦方案；对塌陷区域中的深水区及浅水低湿地实施基塘复垦方案；对塌陷区域中居民搬迁后的废墟实施林果种植复垦方案。最后对潘安村土地复垦实施效益进行分析,说明复垦方案的可操作性。
毕业论文关键词： 土地复垦，适宜性评价，采煤塌陷区
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization in our country and the area, the contradiction between people and land become more and more serious, a lot of land resources have been seriously damaged, especially in the arable land, the natural environment is deteriorating. In the northwest region of China, there aremany large and small coal mines, coal mining has a large area of land resources land hit,serious collapse, hindering the pace of social development, affecting the sustainable use of resources.
In this case, the land reclamation of coal mining subsidence area emerge as the times require. On the one hand, it can play a Protect environment, prevent damage to further deepen the effect of subsidence area; on the other hand, it also can promote the sustainable development of land, to ease the contradiction between people and land. This article through to the Xuzhou pan coal mine coal mining subsidence area land destructionfeatures are analyzed under different conditions, based on the condition of land reclamation, pan type coal mine land subsidence area of coal mining subsidence area, dothe land suitability evaluation, evaluation of land reclamation direction. Through the evaluation, delineated three reclamation project. To collapse before and after the collapse of a fertile soil of medium and low yield land subsidence reclamation project implementation of crops; the implementation of pond reclamation of subsidence area in the deep water and shallow water wetland; the fruit planting reclamation project implementation after therelocation of residents in the area of the ruins of collapsed. At the end of theimplementation of land reclamation Pan Village benefit analysis, shows the maneuverabilityreclamation project.
Key words： land reclamation，suitability evaluation，the coal mining subsidence area
目 录
摘要Ⅰ
AbstractⅡ
1 绪论 1
1.1 概述1
1.2 国内外研究现状1
1.3 主要研究思路和技术路线2
2 采煤塌陷区概况 4
2.1 研究区的选择4
2.2 潘安村情况基本概述 5
3 潘安采煤塌陷区特征分析 6
3.1 潘安采煤塌陷区土地复垦条件分析6
3.2 潘安采煤塌陷区塌陷地类型6
3.3 潘安采煤塌陷区土地适宜性评价8
4 采煤塌陷区复垦方案设计 10
4.1 塌陷区的复垦原则10
4.2 农作物复垦方向方案设计10
4.3 基塘复垦方向方案设计13