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摘要奥克托今（HMX）是一种重要的硝基类化合物，在军事上有着重要的地位，但是目前对HMX的合成工艺、产品稳定性等方面的研究较多，但几乎没有对HMX生产工艺热危险性的研究，因此对此工艺的热安全性进行研究是有必要的。25207
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论文使用全自动反应量热仪（RC1e）测试了合成HMX工艺中热解前的有关热力学参数，研究了45℃、34℃和54℃下反应的放热特性，计 算了反应的绝 热温升（ΔTad）以及反 应所能达到的最 高温 度（MTSR）。利用绝热量热仪ARC对反应的产物体系进行了测试，获得了产物体系绝热分解的起始温度、绝热温升和放热量等参数，并采用外推法得到绝热诱 导期为24h所对应的温 度TD24。最 后根 据上 述的RC1和ARC实验得到的数据，对热失控危险等级进行划分。
实验结果显示：加料时反应放出大量的热，其绝热温升为66-100K，反应中第一段加料结束及化学计量比达到时的热积累最高，产物体系的起始分解温度为120℃，绝热温升为20.53K，分解放热量为162J/g，由此得到产物体系分解的TD24为110℃。通过探索发现，在45℃下合成HMX的得率最高，三个温度下的反应热失控危险等级均为2级，热失控的风险可接受。
关键词：奥克托今，热稳定性，反应量热，热失控危险等级，风险评估
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Thermal hazard analysis for the synthesis of HMX
Abstract
HMX is an important kind of nitro compounds，and it’s one of the most important explosive. There have been a lot of studies about the synthesis methods and stability of HMX, but little about thermal hazard of HMX synthesis, therefore it is necessary to study the thermal runaway hazard of this synthesis process.
In this paper, Reaction Calorimeter (RCle) was used to measure the thermal behavior of this reaction under the 45℃, 34℃, 54℃. Some parameters such as adiabatic temperature rise (ΔTad), Maximum Temperature of the Synthetic Reaction (MTSR) were obtained here. After that, ARC was used to study the thermal decomposition of the product, some parameters such as the initial temperature, adiabatic temperature rise and decomposition heat were obtained. Also the temperature at which the time to the maximum temperature rise rate is 24 h (TD24) was calculated. Finally, based on the data from ARC and RCle, the risk level of thermal runaway criticality was classified.
The results indicated that a lot of heat was generated during feeding. Its ΔTad was 66-100K. And the high level of heat accumulation was occurred both at the end of the first feeding and the point that the stoichiometric ratio was reached. The initial decomposition temperature of the product system was 120℃, ΔTad was 20.53K and the decomposition heat was 162J/g. TD24 of this decomposition was 110 ℃. It also can be found that the synthesis of HMX under 45 ℃ was of the highest yield. Based on the measurements and calculations, thermal runaway risks of these reactions were evaluated as level 2, which means the risk was acceptable.
Keywords HMX，thermal stability，RC1e，risk class of thermal runaway reaction，
risk assessment
目 次
1 引言 1
1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外研究概况 2
1.3 本论文的工作 5
2 反应过程的热危险性评估方法 6
2.1 典型失控情形 6
2.2 风险矩阵法 6
2.3 失控情景分析方法 8
3 HMX合成工艺放热特性分析 10
3.1 小试实验 10
3.2 反应量热实验 11
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