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摘要医用直线加速器和 DSA在治疗癌症和心血管疾病领域发挥着无人能及的作用，但其本身在运行过程中产生的电离辐射对人体的危害不容忽视。 本次研究对六座加速器机房在 6、10、15MeV 的X射线能量下进行环境辐射检测，所得辐射剂量率与往年比较，发现在 15MeV 下，划槽门外比转轴门外平均高出 26nSv/h，经过一年使用后的转轴门外辐射剂量率比去年平均高出25 nSv/h； 对六座DSA机房在60、70、80kV管电压和300mA 的管电流下进行辐射监测，发现 DSA手术室中医务人员受辐射剂量比其他区域平均高出 89 nSv/h。 研究表明加速器防护大门辐射剂量值高的原因是划槽门长期使用后会与墙面产生缝隙，导致辐射泄露，以及DSA手术室中医务人员受辐射剂量比其他区域的高。 因此，建议重点检测防护大门处，新建加速器机房尽量使用转轴门，减少医务人员不必要的受辐射照射。 42436
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毕业论文关键词：加速器机房 DSA机房 防护大门 辐射检测
Title The Detection on the Radiation Environment for the Medical Nuclear Instruments
Abstract Medical linear accelerator and DSA have play irreplaceable roles in cancer treatment and Cardiovascular diseases treatment, however, it cannot be ignored with the damage of ionizing radiation that they produce to human body，when they work. This research detected the radiation of six Accelerator rooms in 6, 10 and 15MeV -X ray energy，compared radiation dose rate with which in one year ago. In 15MeV -X ray energy, the radiation dose rate of where out of sliding door was 26nSv/h more than where out of Shaft door in average and 25nSv/h more than one year ago. In this study, six DSA rooms were detected in 60, 70, 80kV and 300 mA. The medical staffs in the DSA operation room accept higher radiation dosage with 89nSv/h than people in the other areas. This research shown that the reason of high radiation dose rate of protective gate in the accelerator room is the long-term used slot gate, which is to be not so tied with the wall after being long-term used. It leads to radiation leakage. Whatever, the medical staffs in the DSA operation room accepts higher radiation dosage than people in the other areas? So I suggest that pay more attention to the detection to protective gate and install pivot door in the new accelerator room. And the radiation dosage accepted by medical staff should come down.
Keywords accelerator room DSA room protective gate detection of radiation
目次
1 绪论 1
1.1 医院核技术应用项目概述 . 1
1.2 医院核技术项目环境辐射概况 1
1.3 加速器与伽马刀的发展历程 2
1.4 本课题的研究意义与任务 4
2 电子加速器机房环境辐射检测研究 6
2.1 加速器机房介绍 . 6
2.2 加速器辐射产生原因及产物 7
2.3 加速器检测方法 . 7
2.4 检测仪器介绍 8
2.5 加速器机房辐射安全评价标准 10
2.6 实际检测 . 10
2.7 本章小结 . 17
3 数字减影血管造影（DSA）辐射环境检测 19
3.1 DSA机房环境介绍 . 19
3.2 DSA辐射产生原因及产物 19
3.3 DSA检测方法 20
3.4 DSA机房辐射安全评价标准 . 20
3.5 实际检测 . 21