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摘要：水体污染中占比重较大的是工业废水，工业废水的水质水量因生产工艺和生产方式的不同而差别很大。本毕业论文综述了工业废水处理的发展概况，研究以制药废水为主的综合废水的处理方法。探讨采用物化处理技术去除废水的硬度，如化学沉淀、混凝沉淀等处理技术。通过实验发现采用磷酸的化学沉淀方法去除硬度去除率一般在20%～80%左右，最高去除率可达80%；与前者相比，投加磷酸二氢钾去除硬度的效果较好，去除率在48%-80%左右，最高可达83%；采用混凝沉淀的方法去除硬度，如碱式氯化铝，处理硬度的去除率在30%～50%，但碱式氯化铝和助凝剂相结合的处理效果很好，去除率可达90%以上。经研究发现，因制药废水可生化性较差，采用物化处理技术可提高可生化性，为后续的生物处理创造条件，还能进一步消除不可生化的污染物，实现达标排放。9102
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关键词： 废水；处理；物化方法；技术；化学沉淀9102
Study on the treatment of wastewater
Abstract：Industrial wastewater accounted for a large proportion of water pollution, industrial wastewater quality and quantity due to the production process and production methods vary significantly. The paper reviews the situation of the development of industrial wastewater treatment, research the treatment of integrated wastewater dominated by pharmaceutical wastewater. Explore the use of physical and chemical technologies to remove hardness from wastewater treatment, such as chemical precipitation, coagulation and sedimentation technologies and so on. Through experiments, we found that using chemical precipitation method, such as phosphate to remove hardness, the removal is generally between 20% and 80%, the highest removal rate is 80%; compared with the former method, effect of adding Potassium dihydrogen phosphate to remove hardness is better, removal is about 48% -80%, up to 83%; coagulation method used to remove hardness, such as aluminum chloride, the removal rate of hardness is 30% to 50%, but combining aluminum chloride with the coagulant aids the treatment result is good , the removal rate up to 90%. The study found that, due to poor biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater, using physical and chemical treatment technology not only can improve the biodegradability, create the conditions for subsequent biological treatment, but also further eliminate non-biological pollutants to achieve discharge standards.
Key words: wastewater; treatment; physical and chemical method; technologies; chemical precipitation
目录
1 绪论1
1.1 课题提出的目的及意义 …1
1.2 工业废水处理发展概况 …2
1.2.1 国内污水处理发展概况……3
1.2.2 国外污水处理发展概况……5
1.2.3 污水处理存在问题及发展趋势 …6
2 废水处理技术概述 ……8
2.1 工业废水的来源和性质 …8
2.2 工业废水治理原则 9
2.3 工业废水处理方法的选择 ……10
3 制药废水处理技术概况 ……12
3.1 制药废水生物处理技术…12
3.2 制药废水化学处理技术…12
3.3 制药废水物化处理技术…13
3.3.1 离子交换 ……13
3.3.2 吸附 …14
3.3.3 反渗透 14
3.3.4 吹脱法 15
3.3.5 混凝沉淀…… 15
4 实验方案及仪器设备 20
4.1 研究目的、内容和方法…20
4.2 物理化学法处理废水的实验研究 ……21
4.2.1 去除废水硬度影响因素的主次性研究 21
4.2.2 化学沉淀法去除废水硬度的实验研究 21
4.2.3 磷酸和磷酸二氢钾对废水硬度去除的研究 …22