This article is pided into five sections。 The first section generally describes the whole paper。 The second section is a literature review of research on female images in Hemingway’s works。 The third section introduces several female images in Hemingway’s creation。 The fourth section analyzes the causes of the formation of these female images。 In the last section, a conclusion will be made about the major findings, limitations and recommendations for further research。

2。 Literature Review

     The previous research on Hemingway’s works has been greatly extended both abroad and at home。 Researches on his works mainly focus on the “tough man” images。 However, with the development of literature, people begin to pay more attention to the study on female images。 Articles about the study of women also gradually spring up nearly years。 

Jeffrey Meyers (1999) introduced Hemingway’s life and experience in his work Hemingway: A Biography。 The book suggested that Hemingway had discriminational and arrogant attitude towards women。 In Hemingway: His Life and Work, Kenneth S。Lynn (2001) pointed out that Hemingway’s mother influenced him greatly, which directly led to the formation of his feminine consciousness。 However, in A Life Story, Carlos Baker (2006) noted that women were as important as men in Hemingway’s works。

In The Interpretation of Hemingway’s Female, Yu Dongyun (1997) pided female characters in Hemingway’s works into two types。 The first type was obedient women who conformed to the traditional ethics。 The second type was rebellious women who have self-awareness。 Guan Mingfu (2006) believed the women always show themselves in neutral images by analyzing series of the female characters in his work Neuter Female Images in Hemingway’s Works。 Li Guiming (2007) analyzed Brett in The Sun also Rises and Catherine in The Garden of Eden from the perspective of social gender in his work The new female images in Hemingway’s works。 He described them as new women with unique ideas, rebellious spirit, and the courage。 

The author thinks that studies on female images in Hemingway’s works mainly focus on his several famous novels, and the research of other females needs more attention。 Therefore, the author will further analyze these female images on the basis of previous studies, and explore the causes of the formation of these female images。

3。 Female Images in Hemingway’s Works

     Hemingway created various female images in his works。 These characters indicate the persity and complexity of the social problems。 By analyzing these female images in his works, the readers can know women’s living standards and survival state in twentieth century better。 In this part, the author will carefully analyze three female characters, including pitiful women, ideal women and rebellious women。 

3。1 Pitiful Women

Hemingway described some pitiful women who lived at the bottom of society and were not content with their present situation, but they were powerless to change everything。 In the patriarchal society, women’s basic survival and desire were deprived by men, even women’s consciousness is subject to the men’s。 In Hemingway’s works, these pitiful women were like gentle kitten。 They had no independent personality, and even couldn’t come up with opinions different from “hard-men”。 Over time they internalized men’s moral values and world views as their own code of conduct。 These pitiful female had no independent consciousness and no right of speech。 They were only abstract symbols。文献综述

In Hills like white elephants, Jig was a pitiful woman。 She was centered in her boyfriend。 She had no definite view, and did not know what she wanted to possess。 She almost became men’s accessories。 And it was clear that her boyfriend did not truly respect her opinion。 Although he didn’t force Jig to do surgery, all the talk implicated he wanted her to do surgery。 In The Sun Also Rises, Frances was a lady who did not love Cohn, but she wanted to marry him because of some unknown purposes。 Frances was a woman with a strong desire to control。 “She was very forceful, and Cohn never had a chance of not being taken in hand。” (Hemingway 13) She never allowed Cohn to mention any women。 Once she found Cohn had no money, she became a little disgusted with Cohn。 However, when she found that her looks were going, “her attitude toward Cohn from one of careless possession and exploitation to the absolute determination that he should marry her。” (Hemingway 13) During that time, she was very happy。 However, when she learned that Cohn didn’t want to marry her and he was going to send her to England。 She immediately complained to Jack。 “I wouldn’t marry him if he doesn’t want to。 Of course I wouldn’t。 I wouldn’t marry him now for anything。 But it doesn’t seem to me to be a little late now, after we’ve waited three years, and I’ve just gotten my devoice。”(Hemingway 54) She tried to refuse and quarrel with Cohn。 But in the end, she failed and was forced to go to England。 From this point of view, she was sympathetic。 Like Frances, many pitiful women became unfortunate victim of the patriarchal society。来,自,优.尔:论;文*网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766-