刚体转动惯量测量的实验研究

摘要：转动惯量是物体在旋转状态的惯性的量度。转动惯量在航空航天、武器系统、船舶汽车、工程机械等领域是影响系统工作特性的重要参数。本课题对转动惯量的测量方法进行探讨与研究，拟采用的研究手段是以实验为主，比较三线摆和落体法在测量对象、测量精度及实验参数选取上的不同特点，给出最为合适的方法。观测刚体的转动惯量随其质量、质量分布以及转轴轴线不同而改变的状态，用作图法和最小二乘法处理实验数据，分析实验结果。重点分析落体法测量转动惯量时，影响测量精度的各种原因，找出合理的解决途径。65579

毕业论文关键词：转动惯量落体法三线法测量精

Title Moment of Inertia of Rigid Body Measurement Experiment

Abstract

Moment of inertia is the measure of inertia of an object in rotation state. Inertia is an important parameters of the system that affect the operating characteristics in the aerospace, weapons systems, ship automobile, engineering machinery and other areas. This topic is to explore and research the methods of moment of inertia measurement. The proposed research methods are laboratory-based, comparing three-wire pendulum method and falling body method in the measurement object, measurement accuracy and experimental parameter selection to identify the most appropriate method. After observing the change of moment of inertia of rigid bodies as their mass, mass distribution, and the axis of the shaft change, the experimental data is processed by graphing method and the least square method to analyze experimental results. The analysis of various reasons for the impact of measurement accuracy and finding a reasonable solution are focused on.

Keywords： moment of inertia falling body method three-wire pendulum method measurement accuracy

1 引言. 1

2 转动惯量的计算与测量. 1

2.1 转动惯量的基本概念.........1

2.2 转动惯量的测量方法.......3

2.2.1 单线摆法.....3

2.2.2 复摆法.......................4

2.2.3 扭摆法..... ..4

2.2.4 三线摆法.... 5

2.2.5 落体法....6

2.2.6 本节小结7

3 测角加速度法测量转动惯量..8

3.1 实验原理和步骤...8

3.1.1 仪器设备8

3.1.2 实验原理9

3.1.3 实验步骤..11

3.2 数据记录与处理.13

3.2.1 由预置数N1和N2测量铝环的转动惯量 ...13

3.2.2 验证平行轴定理..14

4 测时法测量转动惯量15

4.1 实验原理.15

4.2 数据记录与处理.16

4.3 实验误差分析.19

4.3.1 t的测量19

4.3.2 不考虑砝码下落加速度a引起的误差...19

4.3.3 被测物体轴线倾斜误差分析..20

4.3.4 被测物体径向偏移误差分析..21

4.3.5 阻力矩Mμ变化误差分析.....21

结论..23

致谢..24

参考文献..25

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