摘要利用环境信息,进行障碍物检测和避障是移动机器人导航技术研究的一项重要内容。本文研究的就是这样一种自主式移动机器人,它能够完成障碍物检测、路径规划、自定位与地图创建的任务。
首先本文建立了测距传感器模型进行障碍物检测。其次,本文采用基于全区域覆盖的路径规划算法覆盖室内可行区域,为地图创建提供条件。全区域覆盖的路径规划分为全局路径规划和局部路径规划,全局路径规划采用迂回式规划方法,该方法易于控制,操作简单。局部路径规化采用沿边走的避障策略,使得机器人能够沿障碍物边界行走避开障碍。然后,本文在机器人同时定位与地图创建(SLAM)过程中,采用了简单的平均滤波算法处理白噪声,地图创建则采用特征点拟合的方法。最后,本文比较分析了地图估计的精度,总结了全文所做的工作,指出了不足之处,并提出了相应的改进。21830
本文在每一部分都给出了仿真结果,认为所采取的路径规划策略能较好地完成障碍物检测的任务,且系统能够较为准确地观测并记录环境信息,进而建立可靠的环境地图。
关键词 移动机器人 障碍物检测 路径规划 同时定位与地图创建 滤波
毕业设计说明书(论文)外文摘要
Title Research on Obstacles Detection Simulation
Technology for a Mobile Robot
Abstract
Obstacles detection and avoiding, according to the environment information, plays an important role in the research of navigation for mobile robot. In this paper, the autonomous mobile robot can detect obstacles, plan path, position itself and build map.
First, we establish a model of the sensor for obstacles detection. Second, a Complete Coverage Path Planning(CCPP) is raised to cover all the indoor environment, which provide the foundation for SLAM. The CCPP consists of global path planning and local path planning. A roundabout path planning is adopt for the global path planning. When detecting obstacle , it will follow the border of the obstacle to avoid it. Third, In the SLAM, average filter algorithm is adopt to filtering the white noise, and we get the characteristics of the obstacle for map building by fitting them. At last, this paper analyses the accuracy of the result, gives a summary, and points out some shortcomings and improvement.
The simulation results is provided in each part and the CCPP is considered that it can complete the task of obstacles detection well. At the sanme time, The result shows the system can observe and record the environment information accuracily and can build a reliable map.
Keywords mobile robot Obstacle detection path planning SLAM filtering
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 移动机器人导航技术研究现状 1
1.3 课题研究的目的和意义 4
1.4 论文结构安排 4
2 移动机器人障碍物检测 5
2.1 障碍物检测的研究 5
2.2 传感器模型建立 6
3 基于全区域覆盖的路径规划 8
3.1 概述 8
3.2 全区域覆盖路径规划指标 9
3.3 全区域覆盖的全局路径规划 9
3.4 全区域覆盖的迂回式路径规划算法实现及仿真 10
4 移动机器人同时定位与地图创建(SLAM) 23
4.1 SLAM问题涉及的理论和技术 23
4.2 SLAM算法实现及仿真 25
5 精度分析 30
结论 31
致谢 33
参考文献 34 移动机器人障碍物检测仿真技术研究:http://www.youerw.com/zidonghua/lunwen_14219.html