摘要：在当今社会，建筑火灾已经成为了威胁全世界人身安全与财产最严重的主要灾害之。因此，由于人员疏散是应对建筑火灾时的重要环节之一，为了能够使更多的人幸免于难，人员疏散问题已经越来越受到人们的关注。由于火灾情况下的人员疏散问题，是一个涉及多种影响因素的复杂过程，其中以建筑结构以及人员特性这两方面因素最为主要。本文在查阅了相关的文献资料之后，基于一定的基础理论，运用Pathfinder软件研究各种因素对于人员疏散造成的影响及其规律，如：房门开设形式、房门位置、房门宽度、人员密度、不同男女比例、不同年龄段人员比例。此外，以某高校12号宿舍楼为研究对象，模拟其在火灾状况下的人员疏散情况，并将模拟所得结果与经验计算公式对比，发现两者之间差异较小，因而模拟结果对于人员安全疏散具有一定的意义。38134
毕业论文关键词： 建筑火灾；人员疏散；疏散时间；Pathfinder
Research on Occupant Evacuation in Buildings Based on Pathfinder
Abstract: Nowadays, the building fires have become one of the most serious disasters in the society, which has threaten to personal safety and property around the world in our day-to-day life. Therefore, in order to enable more people survived, the issue of occupant evacuation has attracted more and more attention from all over the world because the evacuation is one of the important parts of when people deal with the building fires. Since occupants evacuation in case of fire is a complicated procedure which involving a variety of factors, and building structure and personal characteristics are the major factors of it. After consulting the relevant literature, this paper study the effects and law of evacuation caused by a variety of factors based on basic theory by using Pathfinder, such as the form of doors, the position of the door, the width of door, occupant density, the change of proportions of men and women and proportion of people under different ages. In addition, setting the 12th dormitory of a certain university as a study object, using Pathfinder to simulate occupants evacuation in this building in the case of fire and comparing the results of simulation with the empirical formula, it can be found that the difference of these results is a little, thus the results of simulation has a certain significance to safety evacuation.
Keywords：building fire ；occupant evacuation；evacuation time；Pathfinder
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外人员疏散研究现状 1
1.2.1 国外人员疏散研究现状 1
1.2.2 国内人员疏散研究现状 2
1.3 研究目标 7
1.4 论文结构 7
2 人员疏散基础理论 8
2.1 火灾情况下人员疏散行为 8
2.1.1 非适应性行为 8
2.1.2 恐慌行为 8
2.1.3 重返并再次进入行为 9
2.1.4 穿过烟气行为 9
2.2 人员特性对于疏散的影响 9
2.2.1 年龄 9
2.2.2 性别 10
2.2.3 身体状况 10
2.2.4 人员之间关系 10
2.2.5 文化程度 10
2.2.6 对所处场所的熟悉程度 10
2.2.7 是否经历过火灾或接受过疏散演习 10 基于Pathfinder的建筑火灾人员疏散研究:http://www.youerw.com/gongcheng/lunwen_37066.html