关键词：安全评价；模糊综合评价；危险有害因素；重大危险源
Study on risk assessment and Countermeasures in a new project
Abstract:The theory of safety evaluation has been established since the 1950s. People came to know its important role to improve the level of safety management of enterprise, reduce the number of accidents and promote the healthy development of the enterprise. In this paper, in combination with the present situation of chemical production safety in China, make a safety assessment on a new project.  
This paper enumerates accidents happened in recent years in the chemical industry, according to the accident analysis the cause of the accident and the lesson from this accident. Through searching the literature, I learned the development of domestic and international safety evaluation, present situation and application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method development. This paper summarizes the basic situation of the enterprise, including the project situation, main equipments, storage tank and raw materials etc.. Further understand and grasp the enterprise production process, the main products, equipments, safety evaluation, as to do the groundwork for safety evaluation.
According to the "casualty workers classification" (GB6441-1986) 20 categories mentioned, for the new projects carried out a comprehensive hazardous, harmful factors identification. The identification of the dangerous harmful material, the project involves a material with nitrogen, HFC-125, HFC-32, R-410A, no dangerous chemical products, intermediate products and by-products. In addition, one of the important project of major hazard identification and safety evaluation, according to the "identification of major hazard of dangerous chemicals" (GB18218-2009) for the identification of dangerous source, the result is still controllable range. The pision of evaluation unit is designed to facilitate the evaluation work, improve the accuracy of evaluation and comprehensive. The evaluation unit is pided into 6 parts for safety assessment. Are: the overall layout and the conventional protection facilities evaluation; evaluation of special equipment inspection records; electrical safety evaluation; evaluation of the safety production management measures; evaluation unit safety inflammable and explosive places; safety evaluation of tank places.
Qualitative safety assessment method is mainly based on experience and intuition to judge the ability of production system technology, equipment, facilities, environment, personnel and management of the status of qualitative analysis, the evaluation results is some qualitative indexes. Quantitative safety assessment method is the use of a large number of experimental results and extensive accident data statistical analy sis of the obtained indexes or based on rules, quantitative calculation of production system technology, equipment, facilities, environment, personnel and management situation, the evaluation result is of some quantitative indicators. On the evaluation of enterprise equipment, electrical, fire facilities, construction, safety management and process operation is dangerous, harmful factors identification and analysis.
This paper finally selected for evaluation the issuance of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the comprehensive evaluation method based on the membership degree of fuzzy mathematics and the theory of the qualitative evaluation into quantitative evaluation, it is a kind of comprehensive evaluation method in fuzzy mathematics based on, to be affected by multiple factors, according to a certain criterion, gives the possibility of obtaining a thing comment. It has the characteristics of strong, system results in a clear, can better solve the fuzzy, difficult to quantify the problem solving, suitable for all kinds of uncertain problems. For the determination of weights using the analytic hierarchy process method, generally have to go through the following five steps using the analytic hierarchy process: establish the hierarchical structure model; constructing judgment matrix; order in single level; consistency test; the level of total order. 化工新建项目风险评估与对策研究+文献综述(2):http://www.youerw.com/guanli/lunwen_5878.html