硝酸铵复合物的制备+文献综述

摘要本课题应用高氯酸铵（AP）、硝酸铈铵（CAN）两种氧化剂和乙基纤文素（EC）、羧甲基纤文素钠（CMC）两种高分子化合物对普通硝酸铵进行混合、包覆改性，并对硝酸铵复合物进行SEM、DSC、TG表征及吸湿性测试，探究四种物质的改性效果。27175
结果表明：吸湿性方面，使用的两种聚合物成膜易碎，并且加重硝酸铵的吸湿，而AP、CAN可有效改善吸湿；能量性能方面，CAN较AP更佳，但因自身的强氧化性，应用受到制约；相稳定性方面，EC、CAN通过降低相变焓变从而改善相稳定性，而AP通过大量加入“冲淡”焓变，但两者都不能推迟相变温度；热稳定性方面，上述四种物质均未改变硝酸铵的分解机理，但不同程度的改变了硝酸铵的热分解性。
关键词：改性硝酸铵包覆吸湿   能量相稳定
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title     Preparation of The Mixture of Ammonium Nitrate And Additives
Abstract
This paper used two kinds of oxidant of ammonium perchlorate (AP) or ammonium ceric nitrate (CAN) and two kinds of polymer of ethyl cellulose (EC) or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to modify ordinary ammonium nitrate by mixing and coating. The properties of the mixture of ammonium nitrate and additives by SEM characterization, DSC, TG and hygroscopicity of the mixture was tested, to explore the modified effect of ammonium nitrate, which were added into these four substances.
The results showed that: As for Hygroscopic test, the molecular film formed by the two polymers was fragile, and it aggravated the moisture absorption; However, CAN and AP could effectively improve the moisture absorption. In terms of energy performance, CAN better than AP. However, because of their strong oxidation, the application was restricted. At changing the phase stability of ammonium nitrate, CAN and EC could improve the phase stability by decreasing the enthalpy of phase change; however, AP decreased enthalpy change by a large number of joins. But both can not postpone the phase change temperature. In terms of thermal stability, the above four substances didn’t change the decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate; But the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate was changed by different degrees.
Keywords：the modified ammonium nitrate，coating，moisture absorption，energy，phase stable
目    录
1 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景和意义 1
1.2 硝酸铵性质及改性方法 2
1.3 本文的主要研究内容 4
2 硝酸铵复合物的制备 5
2.1 实验方案 5
2.2 实验部分 5
2.3 结果与讨论 10
3 硝酸铵复合物的表征 12
3.1 吸湿性测试 12
3.2 SEM表征 17
3.3 DSC表征 19
3.4 TG表征 24
结论 27
致谢 29
参考文献 30
1 绪论
随着国民经济建设的持续升温及科技的不断创新，基础建设迅速展开，工业炸药[1]特别是硝铵炸药便广泛应用于化学工业、金属冶炼、水电建设、石油开采、道路施工、抢险救灾、矿业开采、城市建筑和农业建设等诸多领域，俨然成为当下经济建设无可取代的一员；同样，随着航天事业的异军突起，相稳定硝酸铵（PSAN）为氧化剂的推进剂以其钝感、低特征信号及绿色环保成为固体推进剂发展的主要方向[2]。但硝酸铵本身的性质缺陷在一定程度上制约了其实际应用，因此，对硝酸铵性能的改善成为长期以来也是未来的研究重点。
1.1 研究背景和意义硝酸铵复合物的制备+文献综述:http://www.youerw.com/huaxue/lunwen_21596.html