摘要：锅炉是发电、化工及机械制造等工业部门的重要能源、热源的动力设备。锅炉由许多部件组成，包括锅筒，过热器，空气预热器,省煤器等。本次设计的任务是设计DZL20-2.5/400-A锅炉，为单锅筒自然循环蒸汽锅炉，炉膛四周布置有水冷壁。在炉膛之后设有蒸汽过热器，上锅筒和下集箱之间布置密集的对流锅炉管束，为主要受热面。尾部烟道布置有省煤器和空气预热器。布置省煤器以降低排烟温度,提高锅炉效率.布置空气预热器,加强着火和燃烧,同时也可以降低排烟温度,提高锅炉效率。燃料为二类烟煤，其低位发热量为18187kJ/kg。在整个设计过程中作为技术支持进行了热力计算和烟风阻力计算。为了使小型锅炉的结构紧凑，大部分受热面都布置在炉膛内,同时，还要确保有一定的气密性以保证炉膛内进行负压燃烧。5069
关键词： 蒸汽锅炉；设计；热力计算；烟风阻力计算 毕业论文
Design for the Single drum vertical type Water tube boiler
Abstract：
The demand on Security and economy on energy of industry production  have become important topic attended by society with development of native economy. The boiler is made up of many department, include drum , superheater，air-preheater, economizer and so on.The theme of this document is to design a stream boiler, whose type is DZL20-2.5/40-A，The boiler is single-drum natural circulation steam boiler， around the furnace are water walls。Behind the furnace is the steam superheater. There are dense tube nest between the drum and the unde boxes,which compose the main heat-delivery surface. In the back stake flue, I set the economizer and air-preheater. Set the economizer to decline the tenperatuer of the stack gas and improve the efficiency in the furnace and set the air-preheater to strengthen ignition and firing, meantime to decline the temperature of the stack gas and improve the efficiency in the furnace. The design fuel is the number two gas coal, whose lower radiation value is 17693kJ/kg.Throughout the design process as a technical support for the thermodynamic calculation and the smoke wind resistance calculation. To enable small boiler compact structure, most of the heating surface are installed in the hearth, meanwhile, we should also ensure that there is some hermetic to ensure that within the vacuum chamber combustion.
Keywords: steam boiler; design; thermodynamic energy calculation； the smoke and breeze resistance calculation
目录
1 文献综述    1
1.1 课题的背景    1
1.2 课题的目的和意义    1
1.3 锅炉的概述    1
1.4 国内工业锅炉的现状    2
1.4.1 基本概述    2
1.4.2 存在的问题    4
1.4.3 与国外发展的主要差距    5
1.5 发展趋势    5
2 锅炉结构简介    8
3 锅炉热工计算    9
3.1 锅炉设计参数    9
3.2 设计燃料与特性    9
3.3 空气平衡计算    9
3.4 理论空气量和理论烟气量计算    10
3.5各受热面烟道中烟气特性计算    11
3.6空气焓和烟气焓计算    12
3.7 锅炉热平衡及燃料消耗计算    13
4 锅炉受热面计算    16
4.1炉膛热力校核计算    16
4.1.1炉膛结构特性    16
4.1.2 炉膛热力计算    16
4.2过热器热力校核计算    18
4.2.1过热器结构    18
4.2.2 过热器热力计算    19
4.3锅炉对流管束热力校核计算    22
4.3.1锅炉管束结构特性    22 单锅筒纵置式水管锅炉设计+CAD图纸:http://www.youerw.com/jixie/lunwen_1960.html