加拿大一枝黄花无性繁殖特性对温度适应的细胞地理学分化
时间:2018-07-04 20:41 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：外来入侵植物破坏本地的生态系统生物多样性，严重威胁着人类的健康和生存环境。对外来入侵植物的入侵机制进行深入研究是实现其有效预防、控制和管理的前提和基础。为进一步阐明多倍化导致加拿大一枝黄花入侵中国后耐热性的改变及其成功入侵中国的机制，本研究以原产地和入侵地的二、四、优尔倍体不同地理细胞型加拿大一枝黄花为材料，对在低温和高温条件下生长的加拿大一枝黄花无性繁殖能力相关的形态特征进行测定，比较不同地理细胞型加拿大一枝黄花无性繁殖能力的强弱及其受温度的影响。结果表明，加拿大一枝黄花二倍体种群适应温和的环境，其在高温条件下生长受到抑制，不能产生或推迟产生少量的地下茎；而入侵地的多倍体种群倾向于产生更多的根状茎，资源倾向于向地下茎分配，其地下茎对温度的耐受性较强，在低温和高温环境下均可以正常的生长。可见，加拿大一枝黄花通过多倍化提高了其无性繁殖过程的高温耐受性，增强了入侵能力，从而成功入侵了具有炎热气候的中国华东地区。25169 毕业论文关键词：外来植物入侵；多倍化；无性繁殖；适应性进化 Cytogeographical Differentiation of Solidago canadensis L. in Asexual Reproduction Adaptability to Temperature Abstract：Invasive alien plants destroy local ecosystem biopersity and seriously threaten human health and living conditions. The in-depth study of the invasion mechanism of alien invasive plants is the prerequisite and basis for the effective prevention, control and management. In order to further elucidate the change of heat resistance and the mechanism of successful invasion of China after the invasion of Chinese Solidago canadensis, this study was based on the origin of the two-, four- and six-fold different geographical cell type, Materials were used to determine the morphological characteristics related to the asexual reproduction ability of S. canadensis, which were grown at low temperature and high temperature. The effects of different geographic cyto-types on the asexual reproduction ability and its temperature were compared. The results showed that the diploid population of S. canadensis was adapted to moderate environment, and its growth was inhibited under high temperature condition, and a small amount of underground stems could not be produced or delayed. The polyploid population of invasive land tended to produce more rhizome. The resources tend to be distributed to the underground stalk. Rhizome could be tolerant to temperature stress, and under low temperature and high temperature environment it may grow normally. It can be seen that the growth of S. canadensi has improved the high temperature tolerance of its asexual reproduction process and enhanced the invasion ability, thus successfully invading China and East China with hot weather. Key words: Invasion of exotic plants；Polyploidization；Asexual reproduction；Adaptive evolution 目 录 摘要1 关键词1 Abstract1 Key words1 引言（或绪论）1 1 材料与方法3 1.1 实验材料 3 1.2 实验方法 3 1.2.1 组培苗的继代和培养3 1.2.2 组培苗的驯化4 1.2.3 幼苗的处理4 1.2.4 数据采集4 1.2.5 数据分析4 2 结果与分析4 2.1 温度对不同地理细胞型植株生长的影响4 2.2 温度对不同地理细胞型植株无性繁殖的影响5 2.3温度对不同地理细胞型加拿大一枝黄花的生物量积累和资源分配的影响5 3 讨论 11 3.1 外来入侵植物对新环境的适应（温度）11 3.2 多倍化（倍性的增加）在入侵植物入侵过程中的作用11 3.3 不同生境中植物繁殖策略的选择：无性繁殖与有性繁殖的倾向11 3.4 对防治策略的启示12 致谢13 参考文献14 (责任编辑：qin) |