水稻花后低温寡照的时空分布特征及其对产量的影响
时间:2018-07-17 20:39 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：水稻生长发育与产量形成对花后极端低温寡照天气十分敏感，但当前针对低温寡照的时空变异及其对水稻产量影响的研究相对较少。本研究利用历史气象数据与水稻产量数据，分析了我国水稻主产区水稻花后低温寡照的时空分布特征及对产量的影响。基于1960-2009年我国水稻主产区325个站点开花至成熟期内的逐日最低气温与日照时数资料，研究了我国水稻花后低温寡照累计日数、低温寡照综合指数等指标的动态变化规律，并估算低温寡照对水稻产量变化的影响。研究结果表明：在空间分布上，我国水稻花后低温寡照表现出明显的区域性差异，其中东北单季稻作区与华中双季稻作区最为严重，其次为长江中下游单季稻作区与西南高原单季稻作区，而四川盆地单季稻作区与华南双季稻作区相对较轻；在时间变化趋势上，除了东北单季稻作区、长江中下游单季稻作区与西南高原单季稻作区的局部地区外，水稻主产区大部分地区的低温寡照都呈现明显的减少趋势。但受实际生产中的生育期变化影响，不同亚区的低温寡照变化趋势会产生较为明显的变异；另外，低温寡照在年际间的波动与水稻产量的变化仅在华中双季稻作区（晚稻）上表现出显著相关性，在其他区域相关性则不显著。此研究结果对确保我国水稻稳定生产与完善我国粮食安全战略有一定的贡献意义。25786 毕业论文关键词：中国；低温寡照；时空特征；水稻；产量变化 Temporal-spatial Variation of Post-anthesis Cold and Scant-light Stress on Rice and the Impact on Yield Abstract：Growth and yield formation of rice is sensitive to the extreme low temperature and scant light weather during post-anthesis, but the studies of the temporal-spatial variation of low temperature and scant light and its effect on rice yield are less currently. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial variation of post-anthesis cold and scant light stress on rice and the impact on yield using historical meteorological data and the rice yield data. Based on the daily minimum temperature and sunshine time data between anthesis and maturity of 325 sites in main rice production area of China during 1960 to 2009, we studied the dynamics of cold and scant light stress indices such as cold and scant light stress days(CSdays), comprehensive index of cold and scant light stress(CI) to analyze the impact of low temperature and scant light on rice yield. The results show that, post-anthesis cold and scant light stress on rice shows significant regional differences in the spatial variation. The most serious areas are Northeast single rice sub-region(S-NE) and Huazhong double rice sub-region(D-HZ). The second are Middle-Lower Reaches of Yangzi River single rice sub-region(S-MLYtz) and South-western Plateau single rice sub-region(S-SW). The stress in Sichuan Basin single rice sub-region(S-SC) is light relatively. On temporal variation, except some parts of S-NE, S-MLYtz and S-SW, cold and scant light stress in most parts of rice production area shows a significant decreasing trend. However, the trend in different sub-regions is affected significantly by phenology shift. In addition, year to year change of cold and scant light stress only in D-HZ shows significant correlation with year to year change of yield. The correlation is not significant in other sub-regions. These results can make contributions to ensure the production of rice stably and improve food security strategy of our country. Key words：Chinese; Low temperature and scant light; Temporal-spatial variation; Rice; Change of yield 目 录 摘要 1 关键词 1 Abstract 1 Key words 1 引言 1 1 材料与方法 2 1.1 研究区域概况与站点选择 2 (责任编辑：qin) |