花前夜间增温与不同施氮量对冬小麦产量和品质的影响
时间:2018-10-13 09:23 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：【目的】通过模拟全球气候变暖的主要特征—非对称增温，对江淮地区冬小麦常规品种进行花前夜间增温和不同施氮水平的处理，探讨其产量和籽粒品质的改变，从而估计江淮地区冬小麦对未来气候变暖的响应，以指导生产。【处理】试验品种是扬麦13，设计花前夜间增温（NT: Nighttime Treatment, 开放式主动增温装置，增温时间是从播种到开花每天18:00-06:00）和不增温对照（CK:Control），共2个温度处理。【结果】1.试验区的土壤温度、水分变化：实验组（增温处理）比对照组的土壤5cm及土壤表层、冠层中部与冠层的平均温度均有所增加，土壤含水量降低。2.花前夜间增温使冬小麦减产，籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量、总淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量都增加。3.不同施氮量对冬小麦产量和品质有显著差异，且随着施氮量的增加，冬小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质及其组分含量显著上升，总淀粉和支链淀粉含量显著下降。【结论】1.在开放式花前夜间增温系统的模拟下，能够满足冬小麦生育期的积温要求；花前夜间增温使冬小麦产量降低，对小麦的籽粒品质影响显著。2.施用氮肥能显著改善小麦的经济性状，增加穗粒数、有效穗数、千粒重，提高小麦的产量和品质，但总淀粉、支链淀粉含量下降。29012 毕业论文关键词：夜间增温；不同施氮量；产量；籽粒品质；冬小麦 Effects of nighttime temperature increase and different nitrogen application rates on winter wheat yield and quality Abstract：【Object】 In this paper,The effects of winter wheat on the growth of winter wheat and the change of grain yield were studied by simulating the main characteristics of global warming and asymmetric warming. The results showed that the winter wheat in Jianghuai area Future climate warming response to guide production.【Solution】(NT: Nighttime Treatment, open-type active warming device, the temperature is from sowing to flowering every day 18: 00-06: 00) and no temperature control (CK (CK)), : Control), a total of 2 temperature processing.【Result】 1. Soil temperature and moisture in the experimental area were 5 cm higher than that in the control group and the soil surface, the average temperature of the canopy and the canopy, and the soil water content decreased. 2. The increase of winter wheat yield, grain protein and its content, total starch content and amylopectin content were increased. 3. The yield and quality of winter wheat were significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the contents of total starch and amylopectin were significantly decreased. 【Conclusion】 1. Under the simulations of the opentime nighttime warming system, the accumulated temperature requirement of the winter wheat growth period was satisfied. The winter wheat yield was decreased and the grain yield of wheat was significantly affected by the temperature increase. 2.The application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the economic traits of wheat, increase the number of grains per spike, the number of effective spike, the 1000 - grain weight, and improve the yield and quality of wheat, but the total starch and amylopectin content decreased. Key words: temperature at night; different nitrogen application rate; yield; grain quality; winter wheat 目录 摘要 1 关键词 1 Abstract 1 Key words 1 引言 2 1 材料与方法 3 1．1 试验地概况 3 1．2 试验处理 4 1. 3 试验材料 4 1. 4 测定项目及方法 4 1. 4. 1 土壤温度、水分的测定 4 1. 4. 2 产量构成因素的测定 4 (责任编辑：qin) |