大豆新种质种子耐淹性遗传变异研究
时间:2018-10-17 11:50 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：选用100份我国各地近期育成大豆新品种（系），通过模拟淹水逆境处理种子研究其遗传变异特点。结果表明，供试材料淹水后发芽相关性状存在较大遗传变异，其中发芽率平均值为22.24%，变幅为0-92%，相对发芽率平均数和变异系数分别为25.09%和102.26%。种子发芽性状间存在显著正相关，电导率与发芽性状间存在显著负相关。确定相对发芽率、相对正常苗率、电导率为耐性鉴定指标，发现供试材料种子耐淹性与其地理来源有关，总体耐性表现为南方>黄淮海>东北，筛选出耐淹性较强的大豆种质9份。29146 毕业论文关键词：大豆；种子耐淹性；遗传变异；发芽率；电导率 Genetic Variation of Seed-flooding Tolerance in Soybean New Breeding Lines Abstract: A total of 100 soybean cultivars and breeding lines developed recently were utilized to reveal their genetic variation to seed-flooding tolerance under simulated submergence treatment. The results showed that there was high variation of the tolerance among the lines according to some germination related traits. The average value and range of seed germination rate (SGR) after stress treatment were 22.24% and 0-92%, respectively, and the mean and coefficient of variation of relative seed germination rate (RSGR) were 25.09% and 102.26% respectively. There was positive correlation between SGR and other related traits, while the relationship between electric conductivity (EC) and seed germination related traits was negative correlation. RSGR, SGR, and EC were selected as the indicators for identifying the tolerance to seed-flooding stress. The tolerance levels were related to the geographic region of the sample, and showed a decrease trend of southern China>Huang-Huai-Hai river valley>Northeast China. Nine elite lines with good tolerance were identified for further utilization in different regions. Keywords: Soybean; seed-flooding tolerance; genetic variation; germination rate; electric conductivity 目 录 摘要1 关键词1 Abstract1 Keywords1 引言（或绪论）1 1材料与方法2 1.1实验材料 2 1.2实验方法2 1.2.1种子准备2 1.2.2发芽实验3 1.2.3表型性状调查3 2结果与分析4 2.1淹水处理下大豆新品种（系）发芽相关性状表现4 2.2耐淹性指标间相关分析5 2.3耐淹大豆种质筛选与特性分析5 3讨论 6 3.1大豆种子耐淹性指标6 3.2大豆种质种子耐淹性的遗传变异7 3.3大豆耐淹的生理与分子调控机制7 3.4大豆耐淹新种质的育种利用潜力7 致谢8 参考文献8 大豆新种质种子耐淹性遗传变异研究 引言： 大豆是世界三大粮食作物之一，是我国重要的植物油脂与蛋白来源，从南到北有着广泛栽培。根据世界粮农组织统计数据，2014年全球大豆播种面积为11771.8624万公顷，总产达30843.6056万吨，而我国大豆播种面积673.0668万公顷，总产达1220.1173万吨。而洪涝灾害是制约大豆生产的重要逆境之一，根据联合国粮农组织(FAO)报告和国际土壤学会绘制的世界土壤图的一定统计，世界上水分过多的土壤面积约占总土地面积的12%[1]，全世界因为洪涝灾害而导致的渍涝和排水不畅通的影响使得作物的减产约20%[2]。渍涝灾害在我国普遍发生，在长江流域2147万hm 2 耕地中易涝易渍耕地有540万hm 2 ,占25. 15%[3]。大豆在发芽期、营养生长早期及开花结荚期对涝害比较敏感，特别是播种后的种子和大豆幼苗，由于个体小，田间遭受完全淹水涝害后往往导致严重缺苗，影响大豆生长和产量[4]。大豆苗期受淹，叶片逐渐失绿，严重时植株死亡[5]。生产中利用耐涝品种是提高抗灾能力的一个有效途径[6]。筛选耐涝优异基因资源，研究其耐涝机制，发掘耐涝基因，培育综合性状好、耐涝性强的大豆品种具有重要的理论与实践意义。 (责任编辑：qin) |