寄生七星瓢虫的两种啮小蜂种间竞争初探
时间:2018-10-17 11:51 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：为明确两种同域分布、同属但可能不同种的瓢虫啮小蜂（暂名“黄胫瓢虫啮小蜂”和“黑胫瓢虫啮小蜂”）在产卵策略上的差异，设置先让一种蜂刺扎1次或寄生1次（>1次刺扎）再让另一种蜂寄生的2种蜂混合寄生的2个处理水平，以2种蜂单独寄生为对照。观察羽化出的子代蜂中2种蜂各自的数量占比及其性比。（1）在对照下，两种啮小蜂的1次寄生与1次产卵器刺扎的产卵量存在差异，黄胫啮小蜂1次刺扎产子代蜂较少（平均值±标准差 = 5.13 ± 0.77头），显著少于1次寄生的9.0（ ± 0.956）头；而黑胫啮小蜂1次刺扎与1次寄生的子代蜂数无显著差异；两种寄生蜂刺扎1次与寄生1次的后代蜂性比没有显著差异。（2）在混合寄生处理下，后一蜂的子代蜂数和性比取决于前一蜂的寄生方式（寄生1次或刺扎1次），而与前一蜂的子代蜂数和性比无关。当黑胫啮小蜂寄生1次后，黄胫啮小蜂产卵的概率明显减小，仅为25%，低于其余三种处理下的产卵概率（>70%）。（3）黄胫和黑胫啮小蜂的寄生顺序不同时，其子代蜂占比存在显著差异，往往先寄生的蜂比后寄生的蜂占有更大的比例；（4）当前一蜂只刺扎1次时，两种蜂的后代比例没有显著差异。本研究结果说明，两种瓢虫啮小蜂可能具有不同的产卵策略。29147 毕业论文关键词：瓢虫啮小蜂；七星瓢虫；产卵行为；性比；多寄生 Interspecific competition between two parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) of Coccinella sempempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Abstract: This study examined differences in oviposition behaviors of two parasitoid species Oomyzus scaposus and O. sp. (thereafter referred to as “black tibia wasp” and “yellow tibia wasp”) attacking the ladybird beetle Coccinella sempempunctata. A ladybird larva was exposed to parasitism (a bout of either sting or parasitization) by one parasitoid species and then by the other. Single parasitism was used as the control. The number and sex ratio of offspring parasitoids by species were compared. (1) Under the control, the number of offspring differed between a bout of ovipositor stinging and of parasitization. For the yellow tibia wasp, the number of offspring parasitoids (5.130 ± 0.767）from a bout of stinging as smaller than that (9.000 ± 0.956) from a bout of parasitization. For the black tibia wasp, there was not a difference in the number of offspring between two types of attack Sex ratio was not different between two types of attack for each parasitoid species. (2) Under the treatment, the number and sex ratio of offspring by a later wasp did not depend on parasitoids that made the first attack, but on how it was attacked. If the host was attacked by a bout of stinging by the black tibia wasp, it was attacked in a low likelihood (25%) by the yellow tibia wasp, as opposed to more than 70% under the other treatments (4) When a host was attacked in succession by the two wasps, the later wasp had more share of offspring than the former did, irrespective of whichever made the first attack. (5) When a host was attacked by a bout of stinging by either of two wasps, the offspring was equally shared in number by two wasps. The results suggest that Oomyzus scaposus and O. sp. may differ in oviposition behavior in response to a host previously parasitized by each other. Keywords：; Coccinella semtempunctata; oviposition behavior; sex ratio; multiple parasitism 目 录 摘要….…1 关键词1 Abstract.…1 Key words…..…1 引言…1 1 材料与方法….… 2 1.1 供试昆虫来源 ….2 1.2 实验方法 ….2 1.3 数据处理..…. 2 2 结果与分析3 2.1 不同寄生方式对首蜂后代数量和性比的影响 3 (责任编辑：qin) |