不同绿叶菜对砷的吸收积累及调控措施
时间:2018-10-26 11:40 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：近年来，设施农业飞速发展，大量施用的化肥农药使得我国部分土壤已达砷中轻度污染，产自该部分土壤蔬菜的安全问题越来越受关注。本研究通过温室实验研究蜈蚣草与蔬菜轮作对五种常食的绿叶菜（白菜、菠菜、 韭菜、苋菜、生菜）砷吸收和积累的影响，并以苋菜和生菜作为实验材料，研究水培模式下，磷肥的不同施用方式对蔬菜砷吸收的影响。结果表明，蜈蚣草与蔬菜轮作可以适当降低绿叶菜根部砷积累，但可能会增加绿叶菜可食部分砷积累；施磷肥的不同方式对苋菜地上部砷含量没有显著影响，但显著影响其根部砷含量；施磷肥的不同方式对生菜地上部和根部砷含量均没有显著影响，但若不施磷，则其根部砷含量显著增加。29686 毕业论文关键词：绿叶菜；砷；吸收积累；施肥方式 The Properties of As Uptake and Accumulation and It’s Control Measures of Different Leafy Greens Abstract： Nowadays, with the rapid development of facility agriculture, some of the soil in China is in the light pollution as a result of the excessive application of fertilizer and pesticide. Thus, an environmental concern arises regarding arsenic (As) accumulation in vegetables grown in these soils. In this study, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the ability of P. vittata in reducing As uptake by five leafy vegetable species including cabbage, spinach, Chinese chives, edible amaranth and lettuce under P. vittata-vegetables rotation system. A hydroponic experiment under greenhouse condition with edible amaranth and lettuce was conducted to compare their properties of As uptake under different application ways of phosphate fertilizer. The results indicated that P. vittata-vegetables rotation system reduced As contents in roots while having a potential to increase the As contents in shoots. Different application ways of phosphate fertilizer had no obvious significance to shoots of edible amaranth but having obvious significance to roots. To lettuce, different application ways of phosphate fertilizer had no obvious significance to neither shoots nor roots. But if giving no phosphate fertilizer, the As contents in roots of lettuce will increase significantly. Key words: Vegetables; arsenic; uptake and accumulation; application ways 目 录 摘要1 关键词1 Abstract1 Key words1 引言1 1材料与方法3 1.1研究轮作蜈蚣草对降低绿叶菜中砷积累的效果3 1.1.1样品采集3 1.1.2样品分析3 1.2研究磷肥的不同施用方式对绿叶菜砷吸收积累的影响4 1.2.1样品采集4 1.2.2样品分析4 1.3质量控制和统计方法4 2结果与分析4 2.1轮作蜈蚣草对降低绿叶菜中砷积累的效果4 2.1.1轮作蜈蚣草对绿叶菜砷吸收的影响4 2.1.2轮作蜈蚣草对土壤有效砷和总砷含量的影响6 2.2磷肥的不同施用方式对绿叶菜砷吸收积累的影响7 3讨论 7 3.1轮作蜈蚣草对降低绿叶菜中砷积累的效果8 3.2磷肥的不同施用方式对绿叶菜砷吸收积累的影响8 致谢9 参考文献10 不同绿叶菜对砷的吸收积累及调控措施 引言 砷（As）是一种公认的致癌、有毒化学元素，具有较强的环境移动性，可以通过呼吸道、食物和饮水等途径进入人体，危害人体健康。目前，全球范围内共有数万个砷污染区域，其土壤最高污染浓度达26500mg/kg[1]。中国的土壤砷污染主要集中在贵州、云南、湖南等省份[2-6],此外，就江苏而言，苏南部分检测点As污染严重，超标达43%[7]，高邮地区蔬菜产地As的单项污染指数超标94%[8]，砷污染趋势明显。土壤砷污染的来源较为广泛，包括自然因素如土壤母质、火山喷发等以及人为因素如含砷染料、皮革的使用、矿山开采冶炼等。砷酸铅、亚砷酸钠、亚砷酸钙等杀虫剂和土壤处理剂和诸如稻脚青、稻宁等杀菌剂曾被广泛用作农药，大量含砷试剂的施用使土壤中的砷显著增高[34]。 (责任编辑：qin) |