生物炭对稻田小麦季氨挥发的影响
时间:2018-11-12 18:59 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
摘要:以稻麦轮作体系中的小麦季为对象,研究添加不同用量的生物炭对NH3挥发的影响,促进生物炭的科学应用。采取田间定位试验,共设4个处理,包括对照处理1个:N0B0(不施肥,不施生物炭);N1B0(单施250 kg N/hm2氮肥);N1B1(250 kg N/hm2氮肥与20 t/hm2生物炭配施);N1B2(250 kg N/hm2氮肥与40 t/hm2生物炭配施),各处理3次重复。结果表明:与N1B0对比,N1B1处理的NH3挥发累积量显著下降11.60%,产量和氮肥利用率依次提高了20.36%和31.38%;而N1B2处理的NH3挥发累积量则显著增大了13.75%,产量和氮肥利用率依次提高33.56%和52.02%。虽然N1B2较N1B1处理的产量和氮肥利用率均有提高,但并未到达显著水平。得出结论,氮肥中添加不同用量生物炭,低用量(20t/hm2)生物炭可显著降低土壤NH3挥发,同时有效提高 小麦产量和氮 肥利用率。故可达到经济环境效益的综合最大化。30125 毕业论文关键词:小麦;生物炭;NH3挥发;产量;氮肥利用率 Effects of biochar application on ammonia volatilization during wheat season in a rice-wheat annual rotation system Abstract: To promote scientific use of biochar, the effects of different amounts of biochar application on ammonia volatilization were investigated during wheat season in a rice-wheat annual rotation system. A field experiment was conducted by setting four treatments, including one control experiments: N0B0 (no N fertilization; no biochar amendment); N1B0 (250 kg N/hm2 N fertilization; no biochar amendment); N1B1(250 kg N/hm2 N fertilization; 20 t/hm2 biochar amendment);N1B2 (250 kg N/hm2 N fertilization; 40 t/hm2 biochar amendment).Results show N1B1 treatment significantly decreased the cumulative NH3 volatilization by 11.60%, increased the wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency increased by 20.36% and 31.38% in relation to N1B0.While the N1B2 treatment significantly increased the cumulative NH3 volatilization by 13.57%, the wheat yield increased by 33.56% and the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 52.02%. Although N1B2 had higher wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency than N1B1 treatment, it did not reach significant level. So we draw a conclusion that different amounts of biochar in nitrogen fertilizer, low dosage (20 t/hm2) biochar can significantly reduce NH3 volatilization while effectively increase wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. So it can be integrated with economic and environmental benefits to maximize. Keyword: Wheat; Biochar; Ammonia volatilization; Yield; Nitrogen utilization 目 录 摘要1 关键词1 Abstract1 Keywords1 引言1 1材料与方法2 1.1试验区概况 2 1.2供试生物炭和土壤 2 1.3试验设计3 1.4田间管理3 1.5样品采集与分析3 1.6数据处理和分析4 1.6.1 NH3挥发速率计算4 1.6.2数据分析与作图4 2 结果与分析5 2.1生物炭对土壤NH3挥发和小麦产量的影响5 2.1.1 生物炭对土壤NH3挥发速率的影响5 2.1.2 生物炭对土壤NH3挥发累积量的影响5 2.1.3 生物炭对小麦产量的影响6 2.2生物炭对小麦生物量和N吸收累积量的影响7 2.2.1生物炭对小麦生物量的影响7 2.2.2 生物炭对N吸收累积量的影响7 2.3生物炭对氮肥利用率的影响7 2.4土壤中NH4+-N和pH的变化8 2.4.1土壤中NH4+-N的变化8 2.4.2土壤中pH的变化8 2.5土壤NH3挥发与NH4+-N浓度的相关性分析8 3讨论9 3.1不同用量生物炭对土壤NH3挥发的影响9 3.2不同用量生物炭对小麦产量、生物量及氮肥利用率的影响10 4结论10 致谢10 参考文献12 生物炭对稻田小麦季氨挥发的影响 引言:氮素是作物生长发 育过程中必不可少的营养 元素[1]。人们在耕作时通过施加大量氮肥来提高作物产量、保证粮食供给。自20世纪70年代,氮肥 用量不断上 升[2],中国已成 为施用氮肥最多 的国家[3],总量约占世界的30%[4]。然而,氮肥施入土壤后,除被当季作物吸收 利用,还可被水淋溶或随径流损失,亦可经NH3挥发或反硝化作用以气体形式逸失[5-6]。因此不合理地施用氮肥将会带来严重的环境问题,如造成土壤酸化、大气污染和水体富 营养化等[7]。数据显示,我国施入土壤的氮肥中损失率达到了45% [8]。而在南方典型的稻麦轮作体系下,NH3挥发又是氮肥损失的主要途径[9-10],约占氮肥用量的9-41%,且大气中的NH3有80-90%来自于农田[11]。因此,在稻麦轮作体系的基础上探究农田NH3挥发过程及数量,寻找有效措施降低NH3挥发并提高 氮 肥利 用率,对实现稻麦轮作合理发展与文持生态环境健康有着重要意义。 (责任编辑:qin) |