不同氮素形态及配比对荆芥生长生理和品质的影响
时间:2018-12-09 11:34 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：采用盆栽试验，以同一氮素水平5种不同氮素形态配比(NO3--N/NH4+-N=100:0，75:25，50:50，25:75和0:100)的营养液对药用植物荆芥进行处理，测定不同处理下荆芥的生长指标(株高、茎粗、分枝数、穗数、整株干鲜重)、生理指标(光合色素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸还原酶NR和谷氨酰胺合成酶GS活性)及品质指标(挥发油含量)。结果表明，氮素形态对荆芥的生长、生理和品质特性均有显著影响，株高、茎粗在硝铵比50:50处理下最大，可溶性蛋白含量随硝铵比降低而不断增加，NR活性随铵态氮比例升高而降低，GS活性随铵态氮比例升高而升高，叶绿素含量、干鲜重及挥发油含量在硝铵比75:25处理下取得最大值。综合比较，硝铵比(NO3--N/NH4+-N)75:25是较有利于荆芥产量和品质形成的氮素形态配比。31333 毕业论文关键词：氮素形态；荆芥；生长；生理；品质 Effects of different nitrogen forms and proportion on growth physiology and quality of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq Abstract：This paper is aimed to study the effects of different nitrogen forms and proportion on growth, physiology and quality of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. Pot experiments were carried out in greenhouse. Five proportions of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen were set up at the same nitrogen level(NO3--N/NH4+-N=100:0，75:25，50:50，25:75和0:100) through watering nutrient solution. Growth indexes including height, stem diameter, quantities of branches and spicaes, fresh and dry weight, physiological indexes including soluble sugar, soluble protein, enzyme activities of NR and GS were measured. Essential oil content, the index determining quality of this herb was calculated. Results showed that growth, physiology activities and final quality are greatly affected by nitrogen forms. The height and stem diameter reach the highest at the NO3--N/NH4+-N ratio of 50:50. Content of solute protein decreases with the decrease of NO3--N/NH4+-N ratio. Enzyme activities of NR and GS present opposite, enzyme activity of NR decreases with the decrease of NO3--N/NH4+-N ratio, enzyme activity of GS increases with the decrease of NO3--N/NH4+-N ratio. Dry weight, fresh weight, contents of chlorophyll and essential oil reach the highest at the NO3--N/NH4+-N ratio of 75:25. In conclusion, NO3--N/NH4+-N ratio of 75:25 is the best proportion of nitrogen form for production of schizonepetae herba. Key words: Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq; nitrogen forms; growth; physiology; quality 目 录 摘要1 关键词1 Abstract1 Key words1 引言1 1 材料与方法2 1.1 材料2 1.2 实验设计2 1.3 测定项目2 1.3.1 生长指标测定2 1.3.2 生理指标测定2 1.3.3 品质指标（挥发油）测定2 1.4 数据分析3 2 结果与分析3 2.1 不同氮素形态及配比对荆芥生长指标的影响3 2.2 不同氮素形态及配比对荆芥生物量的影响3 2.3 不同氮素形态及配比对荆芥光合色素的影响3 2.4 不同氮素形态及配比对荆芥碳氮代谢的影响4 2.5 不同氮素形态及配比对荆芥挥发油含量的影响4 3 讨论5 3.1 氮素形态对荆芥生长的影响5 3.2 氮素形态对荆芥光合色素的影响5 3.3 氮素形态对荆芥碳氮代谢的影响6 3.4 氮素形态对荆芥挥发油的影响6 致谢7 参考文献7 不同氮素形态及配比对荆芥生长、生理和品质的影响 氮素是植物需求量最大的矿质营养元素之一，参与植物体内各种氮化合物的合成、分解、相互转化、相互制约以及转换过程中的酶促反应和能量代换，对植物的生长、发育有着重要的影响[1]。硝态氮和铵态氮是植物从外界吸收的主要氮素形态，二者的吸收同化过程有差异，植物消耗能量主动吸收硝态氮，经吸收的硝态氮被还原成铵态氮后同化成氨基酸而得到利用，多余的硝态氮可暂时储存在液泡中等待利用。铵态氮是与H+交换而吸收，吸收的铵态氮需及时吸收利用，多余的铵态氮同化会消耗大量的碳源和能量[2]。多项研究表明，同一氮素水平下不同硝铵配比对药用植物的生长、生理、品质等均有重要影响[3-4]。 (责任编辑：qin) |