极端高温对水稻叶片形态影响的研究
时间:2018-12-10 21:32 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘要：极端高温已经成为影响水稻产量和品质的主要灾害因素之一，并会随着全球气候变暖的加剧而扩大影响，研究极端高温对水稻生长的影响可以为促进水稻的高产稳产和田间管理决策提供重要参考依据。叶片是水稻进行光合作用最基本的器官，叶片形态直接影响水稻光合作用的能力和效率，进而影响水稻光合作用和产量。本试验是基于全自动人工气候室控温实验，研究孕穗期和开花期两个单时期水稻遭受高温对叶片形态的影响。试验结果显示：（1）孕穗期高温处理对叶片最终叶长叶宽无显著影响，但对其生长速率变化有一定影响。高温处理下叶片生长速率加快，提前定长定宽；（2）孕穗期和开花期处理随着高温持续时间的增加会使叶片退绿变黄的时间推迟。研究结果将为未来气候下极端高温对水稻株形影响的模拟研究奠定基础，推动数字农业的发展。31411 毕业论文关键词：极端高温；水稻；叶片；形态 The research of influence of extreme high temperature on rice leaf morphology Abstract：Extreme high temperature have already become one of the main factors in affecting the yield and quality of rice and it would expand the influence with the increase of the global climate warming. Studying on the influence of extreme high temperature damage on rice growth could provide the important reference to promote high and stable yield of rice as well as field management decision. Leaf is the basic organ of photosynthesis in rice. Leaf morphology directly affects the ability and efficiency of photosynthesis of rice, which could further influence photosynthesis and yield. This experiment stuidied the effects of high temperature stress on rice leaves morphology during the booting and flowering stages g caused based on a controlled experiment in automatic climate chamber.The results showed that:(1)high temperature treatment of booting stage had no significant effect to leaf length and leaf width, but it had significant influence on the change of growth rate, leaf growth rate accelerated under the high temperature treatment and leaf would reach the fixed leaf length and width in advance; (2)with the increase of high temperature duration, the time of leaf from green turned to yellow would be delayed on the booting and flowering stages. The research could offer the foundation for simulation of effects of extreme high temperature on rice morphology under the future climate conditionsand promote the development of digital agriculture. Key words: Extreme high temperature; Rice; Leaf; Morphology 目 录 摘要3 关键词3 Abstract3 Key words3 1 材料与方法3 1.1 试验材料与试验地点3 1.2 试验设计 4 1.3 项目测定和方法4 2 结果与分析4 2.1 孕穗期高温处理对水稻叶长叶宽的影响4 2.1.1 孕穗期高温对水稻叶长的影响4 2.1.2 孕穗期高温对水稻叶宽的影响5 2.2 高温处理下水稻黄叶比动态变化规律6 2.2.1 孕穗期高温处理黄叶比动态变化规律6 2.2.2 开花期高温处理黄叶比动态变化规律8 3 讨论与结论 10 致谢11 参考文献11 极端高温对水稻叶片形态影响的研究 水稻是中国乃至是全球范围内最重要的粮食作物之一，我国有一半以上的人口以水稻作为主食。据统计，预计到2050年，要满足人们对粮食的需求，全球水稻的产量将要以每年0.6%~0.9%的方式增产才能达到这一目标[1]。作为起源于低纬度热带地区的高温短日照植物，形成了适应高温和短日照的生理生态特性[2]。虽然水稻的生长发育需要相对较高的温度，但是其在某些生育期内对温度极为敏感。水稻在不同生长发育阶段对温度的要求和响应各不相同[3]，但都存在一个最适温度和临界温度，如果超出了上限或下限临界温度，水稻的生长发育就会出现异常，超过水稻所承受高温的温度范围将形成高温胁迫。高温胁迫是指温度升高到一定程度并超过一段时间对作物生长和发育造成不 (责任编辑：qin) |