中学数学问题情境创设探究
时间:2019-04-14 13:40 来源:毕业论文 作者:毕业论文 点击:次
| 摘 要“问题是数学的心脏，”没有问题就没有数学；数学问题起于数学情境，情境是产生问题的沃土。随着课程改革的不断深入，教育界愈来愈重视对创设问题情境及其有效性的探索和研究。 问题情境是指个体觉察到的一种有目的但又不知该如何达到这一目的心理困境，也就是当已有知识不能解决新问题时而出现的一种心理状态。创设问题情境的目的在于揭示事物的内在矛盾或引起主体内心的冲突，打破主体已有的认知结构的平衡状态，从而唤起思文，激发其内在驱动力，使学生进入问题者“角色”，真正“融入”到学习活动中。创设问题情境是知识建构的需要，是实施新课标的需要，创设问题情境，有助于激发学生的学习兴趣、促进情感发展，培养学生的问题意识，提高学生的数学学习成绩和数学思文能力。本研究以为基础，在评析典型课例的基础上，概括了问题情境创设存在的问题。34531 探讨中学数学教学中创设问题情境存在的问题： (1) 情境创设晦涩难懂，不够简单 (2) 问题情境的切入点不当，牵强附会 (3) 问题情境喧兵夺主，降低教学效率 (4) 问题情境的创设过于花哨，淡化了数学实质 情境创设的有效性原则：趣性，直观性，可及性，生活性，关联性 研究表明：根据国内外的研究状况及对典型实例的探索与分析，数学问题情境创设存在着很大的问题，也是许多教师在讲课过程中存在的共性问题，这也说明：要创造良好的问题情境，对老师有着很高的要求。 毕业论文关键词：数学问题情境；研究现状与意义；存在的问题；有效性 Abstract Problem is the heart of mathematics and mathematics don’t exist without problem Mathematical problem results from mathematical contexts and mathematical contexts is the fertile land of mathematical Problem With the reforming of middle school curricula educators take the study of mathematical problem contexts mare and more seriously． Problem contexts is the psychological condition that a man has perceived it but don’t know how to reach it when he don’t solve new problem with the previous knowledge．The aim of designing mathematical problem contexts is to discover contradiction and to break up the balance state that exists in one’s mind and to stimulate his inner strength．And then the student will go into the state of studying．Designing mathematical problem contexts is not only the need of creating knowledge but also the need of carrying out new mathematical curricula．It is not only favorable to stimulate the motive of learning mathematics but also to cultivate the questionarl consciousness and to raise the mathematical level and ability of the students． Creating problem situations in high school mathematics teaching problems： (1) creating situation arcane, simple enough (2) the specification of the problem situation is undeserved, far-fetched (3) with loud soldier seize the main context, the lower the efficiency of teaching (4) the creation of problem situation too fancy, played down the mathematics essence Research shows that: according to the research status at home and abroad and the exploration and analysis of typical examples, mathematics situation creation there are a lot of problems, there are many teachers in the common problems existing in the teaching process, it also suggests that: to create a good problem situation, have high demands on teachers. Key words：mathematical problem contexts；he research status and significance ；problems existing； effectivity； 第一章研究的现状与意义 1.1研究的现状 (一) 国内研究状况及水平 凡是有成效的教学与教育，均需要有与其目标相适应的教学情境；如果情景与其教育目标不相合，就是所谓的“性相近，习相远”。从广义上来讲，问题情境教学不是现代的产物，而是有着悠久的历史传统，我国古代有着较明显的情境教育思想，这主要体现在我国古代教育对学习环境、对人的教育作用的重视上。我国古代教育家有关情境教育的论述不胜枚举：《荀子•劝学》中说：“蓬生麻中，不扶而直，白沙在涅，与之俱黑••••••••故君子居必择乡，游必就土，所以防邪僻而近中正也”。 (责任编辑：qin) |