摘要：旨在为阔叶十大功劳传粉等的生物学研究增添参考资料。通过体视解剖镜和石蜡切片的显微镜，进一步观察了阔叶十大功劳花形态组成，特别腺体以及传粉特征。结果表明，阔叶十大功劳花为同被花，无明显花萼和花冠区别，最基部花被片体形较小，而形态和颜色等与上部花被片近无区别。最内层花被片基部两侧各有1圆锥状膨大或突出体，该膨大体多细胞而无文管束，细胞质浓厚，结合花腔基部存在分泌液滴，因而是花蜜腺。圆盘状柱头湿润或具粘液，表皮是一层细胞质浓厚的尖毛状细胞组成的腺表皮。花药略外向，成熟时侧缘和下缘瓣状开裂，然后形成的2裂片向上竖起并反转，将附带的花粉一面朝向雌蕊柱头；此为特殊瓣裂或特殊传粉方式。39139
毕业论文关键词：阔叶十大功劳；花；解剖；形态；发育；腺体；花药瓣裂
Morphological and Compositional Characteristics of Mahonia bealei Flower
Abstract: This study aimed at adding references to biological researches of Mahonia bealei such as pollination. By using stereoscope and microscope with paraffin section, the author further observed the form and composition of Mahonia bealei fiower, especially the features of the gland and the pollination. The results showed that Mahonia bealei is of monochlamydeous flower of no obvious differentiation of a calyx and a corolla. The lower tapels, which is smaller, is hardly distingushable to the upper ones in form and color, etc. There was separately a conical swellen part or protrusion on each interior side of the innermost tapel base. The swellen part was multicellular with dense cytoplasm, but without vascular bundles. There is secretion droplet in the base cavity of a flower. Thus the conical swellen part on each interior side of the innermost tapel base is a nectar gland. The discoid stigma is moist or with mucus of glandular epidermis consisting of cells with a tip hair outsides and dense cytoplasm. The anther is slightly extrose, while maturing, dehisces along the lateral and basal margins to form two lobes, and then the lobes erects and reverses with pollen grains toward the pistil or stigma, forming an exceptional pattern of pollination.
Keywords: Mahonia bealei; flower; anatomy; morphology; development; gland; valvular dehiscence of anther
目录
引言    1
1 材料与方法    2
1.1实验材料    2
1.2 实验方法    2
1.2.1药品配制    3
1.2.2徒手切片过程:    3
1.2.3石蜡制片过程：    3
2 结果与讨论    4
3 讨论    8
致谢    8
参考文献    8
引言
阔叶十大功劳（Mahonia bealei）是小檗科（Berberidaceae）十大功劳属（Mahonia）的植物，原产于我国。阔叶十大功劳可作为灌木或者小乔木，叶呈长圆形或狭倒卵形，背面被白霜，两面叶脉不明显。总状花序直立，一般为3-9个簇生；花黄色，花瓣通常为倒卵状椭圆形，基部腺体明显；果为浆果，卵形深蓝色，被白粉。花期11月-翌年3月，果期一般为4-8月[1]。
十大功劳繁殖栽培技术研究:
(1)播种繁殖：实际生产中播种育苗一般用于大量繁殖苗木，江南地区一般在四月下旬，江淮之间可在5月上、中旬进行。待卵形浆果成熟，将其采下，短暂堆放后挑选出饱满种粒，阴干后放置在阴凉干燥的通风处贮藏。入冬即可将种子沙藏催芽至翌年春天，直至三月播种。[2]
(2)扦插繁殖：扦插法一般适用于少量繁殖，在2-3月进行硬枝扦插较为适宜。五月搭建遮阴棚，在此期间要保持苗床湿润，晴天要喷雾保湿，每天进行，大约两个月即可生根。 [3]
(3)快速繁殖：十大功劳繁殖一般采用无性繁殖，可通过生物技术手段来进行十大功劳的快速繁殖，同时规模生产，对展开十大功劳的人工繁殖研究有一定的参考价值。[4] 阔叶十大功劳花形态组成特征:http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_39387.html