摘要在核电站环境监测与评价中，3H是核电站的主要放射性流出物之一。因此，核电站的运行会引起区域性的大气中3H含量的升高，被周围的动植物吸收利用，再通过一系列的食物链，被公众所食用吸收进入体内，从而危害人类的健康和安全。所以，需要对3H在环境和动植物的行为进行研究，为核电站周围的环境放射性监测提供基本资料。64563
由于氚的一些特性，本文描述了对环境和生物样品中微量氚采用高温氧化法处理，并采用液闪计数法测量。简略步骤包括：将样品进行干燥，将干燥的样品进行氧化燃烧，使其中的有机结合氚（OBT）转化为氚化水，收集燃烧后的氚水使用液闪计数法测量3H的活度。此方法的检测下限为1.2Bq / L。
毕业论文关键词： 核电 ，3H ，高温氧化 ，液闪计数法 ，有机结合氚（OBT)
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title The H-3 testing sample preparation processing of environmental biological samples
Abstract The operation of the nuclear power plant will increase 3H content in regional atmospheric.In the environmental monitoring and assessment near nuclear power plant,3H is one of the main radioactive effluent. The 3H can be absorbed by the biological, and then through a series of food chain,3H is consumed by the public via absorbing into the body that endanger human health and safety. Therefore, there is a need to research the 3H content in the animals and plants ,specially the behavior of 3H. Environmental radioactivity monitoring of nuclear power plants can also receive basic information from this study.
This article describes the process and the measurement of trace amounts of tritium in the environment samples and biological samples.For some particular characteristics of tritium,we adopt the high temperature oxidation process to handle 3H and liquid scintillation to count 3H.The schematic comprises sample dried.And subjected to oxidation combustion.The organic binding of tritium (OBT) turn into tritiated water.Then 3H activity in tritiated water is counted via liquid scintillation counting measurement.The lowest detection limit of the method is 1.2Bq / L.
Key words : Nuclear power ，3H，High-temperature oxidation，Liquid scintillation counting method，Organic combination of tritium (OBT)
1 环境中氚的概论 1
1.1 氚的简介 1
1.1.1 氚的来源 1
1.1.2 氚的特性 2
1.1.3 氚的危害 2
1.2 环境中氚的形态及迁移行为 3
1.3 有机结合氚的介绍 3
1.4 环境中氚监测的意义及目的 4
1.5 研究氚的发展 5
1.5.1 国内氚的调研 5
1.5.2 国外的发展 6
1.5.3 发展趋势 7
2 液闪测量技术 8
2.1 液闪计数器原理 8
2.2 液闪测量的修正因素 8
2.2.1 淬灭的种类 8
2.2.2 淬灭的校正 9
2.3 液闪计数器的应用 11
3 实验部分 12
3.1 实验使用的主要设备及样品 环境和生物样品中3H样品的制备与处理:http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_71822.html