亲缘信号对虎纹蛙蝌蚪同类相食的影响

摘要以虎纹蛙(Hoplobatrachus tigerinus)蝌蚪为实验材料，研究其在群聚互食中是否存在亲缘识别行为以及亲缘信号浓度是否会影响亲缘识别行为。由于人们普遍认为蝌蚪在识别过程(如食物、猎物、捕食者以及亲缘和非亲缘个体等)中，主要依靠化学信号进行识别，所以本课题设计实验研究化学信号的浓度是否会加强亲缘识别行为。亲缘识别行为有利于同种个体的繁殖和生存，故研究虎纹蛙蝌蚪的亲缘识别以及亲缘信号对虎纹蛙的保护、饲养和物种的延续有很大帮助。76274

实验结果表明：虎纹蛙蝌蚪在同类相食的过程中，更倾向于捕食异窝蝌蚪，而非同窝蝌蚪，还更倾向于捕食致死蝌蚪。前者表明虎纹蛙蝌蚪在同类相食过程中存在亲缘识别行为，并且亲缘识别使得虎纹蛙捕食更多的异窝蝌蚪。而捕食致死蝌蚪是由于捕食者蝌蚪与被捕食者蝌蚪之间的个体差异会增强其捕食行为。而亲缘信号（主要是模拟化学信号）对虎纹蛙的同类相食行为显示无影响。

Abstract The tadpoles of Chinese tiger frog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus were used to study if there are any kin discrimination during the cannibalism and the effect of the concentration of kin signals (chemical signals) on the kin-recognition behavior。 Because people generally considered tadpoles mainly rely on chemical signals during their recognition process (as food, prey, predator and kin or non-kin, etc。)。 So the experiment was designed to study whether the concentration of chemical signals would strengthen kin recognition behavior。

The experimental results show that: tiger frog tadpoles prefer preying inter-clutch tadpoles during cannibalism, rather than the inter-clutch tadpoles。 And they like preying on dead tadpoles during cannibalism more。 Further shows that it exists kin discrimination in tiger frog tadpoles’ cannibalism, and it made tiger frog tadpoles prey more inter-clutch tadpoles than intra-clutch。 If predator tadpoles were stronger than prey tadpoles, cannibalism will occur more often, that is, the dead tadpoles are more predated。 However kin signals（mainly chemical signals）have no influence to cannibalism of tiger frog tadpoles。

毕业论文关键词：虎纹蛙蝌蚪；同类相食；亲缘识别；亲缘信号；化学信号

Key words: tiger frog tadpoles; cannibalism; kin discrimination; kin signals; chemical signals

目录4

引言5

1 材料与方法 5

1。1 同类相食过程中虎纹蛙的亲缘识别行为 5

1。1。1 材料的准备5

1。1。2 实验方案5

1。1。3 形态测定6

1。2 亲缘信号对虎纹蛙同类相食行为的影响 6

1。2。1 材料的准备6

1。2。2 实验方案6

1。2。3 摄食行为观察6

1。2。4 形态测定7

2 结果 7

2。1 同类相食过程中虎纹蛙的亲缘识别行为 7

2。1。1不同条件下捕食者蝌蚪对被捕食者蝌蚪的总摄食量 7

2。1。2断尾对混合喂养条件下同窝异窝蝌蚪的首选捕食的影响 8

2。2 亲缘信号对虎纹蛙同类相食行为的影响 9

3 分析与讨论10

3。1 研究意义10

3。2 同类相食过程中虎纹蛙的亲缘识别行为11

3。2。1虎纹蛙在同类相食的过程中，更倾向于捕食异窝被捕食者蝌蚪11 亲缘信号对虎纹蛙蝌蚪同类相食的影响:http://www.youerw.com/shengwu/lunwen_87495.html