摘要:管材的大塑性变形挤压技术作为一种新型的加工管材的技术，能解决传统挤压技 术所不能解决的问题。通过实验的方法对管材的大塑性变形挤压技术进行研究，往往 会花费大量时间和费用，所以本文采用以有限元分析为基础的数值模拟的方法对管材 的大塑性变形挤压技术进行研究。

本文主要运用有限元软件 Deform-3D 模拟了管材的正挤压-通道转角挤压工艺过 程，分析了模拟过程中不同工艺参数对等效应变及凸模所受载荷的影响。模拟的结果 表明，在管材挤压的过程中，芯棒预制空管处的直径越大，则坯料所受的载荷也越大， 累积的等效应变也随之增长，当空管直径为 10mm 时，管材发生畸变，减薄严重；芯 棒转角处与凹模对应位置的距离为 2mm 时，模拟的结果较为理想；芯棒锥角对挤压 后的管材的等效应变和凸模上所受载荷的影响不大。以上的模拟结果，可以为实际的 工业生产提供依据，大大减少了管材挤压成形时的调试周期和成本。

关键词: 管材挤压；有限元分析；数值模拟；等效应变

Abstract:The severe plastic deformation of the pipe extrusion technology is a new type technology for forming pipe, it can solve the problems that the traditional extrusion technology can not solved. It will spend a lot of time and cost using the experimental method for the pipe severe plastic deformation extrusion technology. Therefore, this paper uses the method of numerical simulation based on finite element analysis for researching it.Analyzing the curve of the load varies with time in the process of forming.

In this paper, the finite element software Deform-3D is used to simulate the forming process of the tube forward extrusion combined with channel angular extrusion. The curve of the load with time is analyzed in the process of forming and  different  process parameters during the simulation is compared. Simulation results found that in the process of pipe extrusion,the larger the diameter of the mandrel prefabricated air tube,the load of the blank is also greater,effective strain also increases. When the empty pipe diameter is 10mm, the pipe is distorted and has a severe thickness reduction. When the mandrel angle is 170 °, the average effective strain of the formed pipe is the largest. the load of the punch is not greatly increased, and the grain is refined. The above simulation results can provide the basis for the actual industrial production and greatly reduces the commissioning cycle and cost of pipe extrusion.

Keywords: Severe plastic deformation; Finite element analysis; Numerical Simulation; Effective strain

目 录

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1  引言 1

1.2  大塑性变形工艺简介 1

1.3  国内外研究现状 2

1.3.1  国内研究现状 2

1.3.2  国外研究现状 3

1.4  存在的问题 3

1.5  有限元模拟的基本理论 4

1.6 管材正挤压-通道转角挤压工艺概述 4

1.7  本课题研究内容 5

第二章 数值模拟模型建立与模拟方案 6

2.1  有限元分析的介绍 6

2.1.1 基于有限元分析的数值模拟的发展