摘要：本文利用等离子体技术，分别用聚乙二醇和邻苯二甲酸酐改性氧化镧（La2O3）并将其引入热塑性聚氨酯弹性体（TPU），并对等离子的功率进行了优化。通过红外光谱（FTIR）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射分析（XRD）研究了纳米稀土氧化物对TPU化学结构和微相分离的影响。采用动态热机械分析仪（DMA）测试热学性能，研究结果表明，改性后的La2O3成功引入TPU体系中，对TPU的结构有影响且两者均能显著提高其力学性能。并且等离子的最佳功率为30W，在纳米氧化镧的添加量为0.5 wt%时制得的TPU，聚乙二醇改性氧化镧复合弹性体的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度，相对于纯TPU弹性体分别提高了85.9%、39.5%和11.6%；而邻苯二甲酸酐改性氧化镧则分别提高了99.9%、51.1%和10.5%。并且邻苯二甲酸酐较聚乙二醇的改性效果更佳。57632

毕业论文关键词： 等离子体；纳米；稀土；改性；功能化

 Evaluation of modified rare earth with plasma

Abstract: In this paper, respectively use polyethylene glycol, phthalic anhydride to modiry lanthanum oxide(La2O3) with plasma, and it was added into thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer(TPU). And its And power for plasa were optimized. The effect of nano rare earth oxide on the chemical structure and microstructure of TPU was studied by FTIR, SEM and XRD. Testing thermal properties by DMA. The results showed that La2O3 were successfully lead into TPU, they affect the structure of TPU and it can significantly improve the mechanical properties. The best power of plasma is 30W. The best amount of 30W. When the amount of rare earth oxidesis is 0.5%, compared with pure TPU elastomer, the tensile strength, elongation at break and shore A hardness of lanthanum oxide, which modified with polyethylene glycol improved 85.9%, 39.5%, 11.6%. Improved 57%, 38%, 62% and 69% respectively for lanthanum oxide, which modified with phthalic anhydride. And use phthalic anhydride to modiry lanthanum oxide (La2O3) is better.

Key Words: Plasma；Nanometer；Rare Earth；Modification；Functionalization 

目  录

1 绪论 1

1.1 稀土 1

1.1.1 稀土高分子 1

1.2 纳米稀土氧化物表面改性方法 2

1.2.1 物理方法 2

1.2.2 化学方法 3

1.2.3 无机材料改性TPU弹性体 3

1.3 等离子功能化改性 4

1.3.1 等离子 4

1.3.2 等离子体技术 4

1.3.3 等离子功能化改性后的影响 4

1.4 现有问题 5

1.5 选题依据 5

1.6 立题的目的和意义 5

1.7 主要研究内容 5

1.8 本课题创新点 6

2 实验部分 7

2.1 原料及试剂 7

2.2 仪器及设备 7

2.3 稀土氧化物的制备 8

2.4 功能化改性纳米氧化镧 8

2.5 稀土/TPU纳米复合材料的制备 9

2.6 分析表征方法 9

2.6.1 万能材料实验机 9