摘要铜磷系列钎料在冰箱、空调、变压器等行业得到了广泛应用，目前国内总产量已超 过 3 万吨，占硬钎料市场的 70%以上。但铜磷钎料的塑性差，在线生产时，其挤压、拉 拔加工均需在热塑状态下进行。但钎料温度的调控基本凭借操作工人的经验，因此存在 拉拔过程不稳定、能源浪费等问题。78316

本文通过研究铜磷钎料的塑性、硬度、组织在加热过程中的变化情况，分析比较铜 磷钎料的加热方式和温度调控方法与铜磷钎料加热电源的输出特性的关系表明，相对稳 定的钎料温度是高效拉拔的关键。在诸多加热方式中，直流高频开关电源具有钎料温度 易调控、电热能转换效率高、拉拔过程稳定的优点。

为了便于拉拔，给参与生产实践的工作人员提供一定的技术参考，开展了一系列蠕 变性能研究，提出了“铜磷钎料蠕变极限”的表征方法，给出了一系列蠕变极限的参考 值，为生产实践中拉拔具体要用多大的力提供了重要的参考。

最后，本文还研究了铜磷钎料色泽的定量表征，使用色度仪来定量表征铜磷钎料的 色度，使用扫描电镜和能谱仪浅析了铜磷钎料表面变色的机理，最终确定的色度范围 L*：37。37-56。49，a*：3。5-11。98；b*：3。31-15。68 将为生产实践提供重要参考。在试验研 究的基础上，结合了生产实践，优化了铜磷钎料加工工艺的温度，具有较高的理论与实 践价值。

毕业论文关键词：铜磷钎料，机械性能，蠕变，量化颜色

Abstract Copper-phosphorus series brazing filler metals have been widely used in the refrigerator, air conditioning, transformers and other industries。 At present, the total output of the

copper-phosphorus series brazing filler metals has exceeded 30 thousand tons in our country, which counted for more than 70% of the brazing filler metals。 However, the plastic of copper and phosphorus brazing filler metal is poor, and the extrusion and drawing process of copper and phosphorus brazing filler metal needs to be carried out under the condition of hot plastic。 In the meanwhile, the control of the brazing filler metals’ temperature basically relies on the experience of the operator, so there are problems such as instability of the drawing process, energy waste, etc。

In this paper, the changes of plasticity, hardness and microstructure of copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals were studied and the relation between the heating method as well as the temperature control method for copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals and the output characteristics of power supply are also studied in this paper。 It is found that the relatively stable heating temperature is the key to efficient drawing。 In many heating methods, DC high frequency switching power supply possess several advantages, such as easy-controlling for heating temperature, high conversion efficiency from electric energy to heat energy and the stable drawing process。

In order to facilitate drawing, to provide some technical reference for the staff involved in the practice, we carried out a series of study on the creep properties。 In addition, a method for the characterization of the creep limit of copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals is proposed, and a series of reference values of the creep limit are given。 which can provide an important reference for the concrete to be used in the practice。

What’s more, the quantitative characterization of the color of copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals was also studied in this paper, and we use colorimeter to quantitatively characterize the color of copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals。 In the meanwhile, we use SEM and EDS to analysis the mechanism of surface discoloration of copper-phosphorus brazing filler metals。 The final determined range for the brightness index and chroma index: