The critical equivalent mining heights are calculated to be 0。69 m and 1。2 m by taking the subsidence and horizontal movement as the fortification standards respectively。 According to the principles of subsidence control, the critical equivalent mining height of 0。69 m should be chosen。 The residual compression rate should be less than 18。4% from Eq。 (2), and the designed residual compression rate should be less than 15% for safety。

Meanwhile, in order to master the strata  movement

While the maximum horizontal deformation in buildings’ area should be less than the horizontal deformation criteria。 The critical equivalent mining height can be expressed as

laws of solid backfilling mining, and ensure the safety of buildings, strata movement monitoring stations  have been set。

5。3 Subsidence control effect

By using prediction technology of solid  backfilling

mining, the ground subsidence and horizontal

z bq tan cos

where q is the subsidence coefficient; H is the depth of mining; tan β is the tangent of the main influenced angle; and α is the incidence angle of coal seam。

deformation of solid backfilling mining and caving method are calculated respectively。 The comparison between the predictions and the true measurements is listed in Table 1。

Table 1 Comparison between prediction value and measurement valueItem Equivalent mining Maximum of Maximum of horizontal Classes for

height/mm subsidence/mm deformation/(mm·m−1) buildings’ damageCaving method 3 300 987 −9。5, +4。3 III (serious)

Designed residual compression ratio 15% 580 173 −1。7, +0。8 I (light)True residual compression ratio 7。8% 350 105 −1。0, +0。5 I (very light)Measurement value 15 −0。2, +0。1 I (very light)

From Table 1, it can be concluded that solid backfilling mining can reduce the buildings’ damages caused by mining to a large extent。 At the same time, the true measurement values are far less than the results calculated based on the theory of equivalent mining height, which means that the result calculated by equivalent mining height is safety。

摘要:固体充填开采可以减少由大的开采引起的建筑物损坏。沉降值下降，缓慢的推进速度和由压实充填体引起的沉降是固体充填开采速度显著下降的主要因素。基于机制的研究，对在建筑物下固体充填开采的沉降控制提出了一些原则。依照建筑物的设防标准和附属结构设计等价采高，使开采引起的地表移动和变形能够小于相应的设防标准。

关键词：固体充填开采；沉降控制；建筑物下开采

1。引言

煤炭资源开采导致了一系列环境问题，例如，固体废物污染，耕地减少，建筑物损坏等。同时，在中国储藏在建筑物、水体和铁路下的大量的煤没有被开发利用。根据中国煤炭部的数据，建筑物下的煤量占总埋藏137亿9000万吨煤的63。5%[1]。传统的采矿技术（开采方法、露天开采等）通常除了造成资源的损失外还会导致煤矿和当地居民之间的矛盾。