摘要 新行政诉讼法修改第77条增加了“明显不当”这一审查依据，这在立法上确立了法院对行政裁量合理性的审查权力。虽然明显不当属于合理性审查但实际体现了实质合法的概念，因此行政行为如果明显不当也是属于违法。如何适用明显不当成为了变更判决适用条件的最大难点，行政诉讼法变更判决适用明显不当依据的范围应该限于行政行为处理方式问题上的裁量。而行政行为是否“不当”，要参考多种依据法定应当考虑因素、行政法比例原则、是否区别对待和一些行政执法惯例等。裁量不当是否“明显”，需要一个相对客观和了解具体情况的客体的标准来判断。对明显不当的审查也影响着司法机关和行政机关的微妙关系，因此要在审查的同时也要对行政机关保持一种尊让。88375

毕业论文关键词：明显不当；行政处罚；审查标准；实质合法

 Article 77 of the new Administrative Procedure Law has amended the basis for the examination of "obvious misconduct",This legislation establishes the power of the court to review the administrative discretion。Although it is clearly wrong to reflect the rationality but actually reflects the concept of substantive and legitimate, so if the administrative behavior is clearly wrong is also illegal。 How to apply obviously is not the most difficult to change the applicable conditions of the decision, the scope of application of administrative procedural law change should be limited to the discretion of administrative action on the way of administrative action。 And whether the administrative action is "improper", to refer to a variety of legal basis should be considered, the principle of administrative law, whether the distinction between treatment and some administrative law enforcement practices。 Whether the discretion is "apparent" requires a relatively objective and understanding of the specific circumstances of the object to judge the criteria。 A clear and inappropriate review also affects the delicate relationship between the judiciary and the executive authorities, so it is necessary to maintain a respect for the executive at the same time as the review。

Key words：Obviously improper、administrative penalties、review standards、substantive legal

目   录

摘要 1

引言 3

一、变更判决适用依据的变迁：从显失公平到明显不当 3

二、明显不当：合法性亦或合理性审查 3

（一）合理性审查对于行政诉讼 3

（二）明显不当的本质 3

三、变更判决中“明显不当”的适用情形 4

(一) 基于实体裁量源Y于Y优E尔Y论L文W网wwW.yOueRw.com 原文+QQ752018.766 的明显不当 4

1。事实问题 5

2。法律适用问题 5

   （二）基于程序问题的明显不当 5

四、变更判决的适用标准 5

   （一）“不当”的司法认定 5

1。没有考虑依法应当考虑的因素 5

2。处理方式违反比例原则 6

3。没有正当理由的区别对待 6

4。违背业已形成的裁量准则