摘  要：城管污名化是城管执法者被贴上侮辱性标签致使其拥有或被相信拥有某些贬抑属性和特质的过程，主要表现为外部污名化和自我污名化。城管污名化的形成原因主要有城管相关法律法规不健全、城管执法人员素质参差不齐、城管内部奖惩制度不健全、部分执法对象及媒体的不当宣传、特定的工作环境和性质以及城市管理理念的滞后等，其造成的危害主要表现为直接增加城管执法的难度、影响政府整体形象的建立、损坏地方干群关系的维护和阻滞民众和谐观念的更新。通过建立健全相关法律法规、合理改善城管执法理念、完善城管部门机构设置、更新执法客体陈旧观念以及确保媒体宣传真实可靠等途径来进行去污名化。 55569

毕业论文关键词：污名化；形成机理；去污名化

The Formation Mechanism of Urban Stigma and Exploring the Path to Solve

Abstract：The stigmatization of urban management is a process that urban law enforcement labeled with insulting words. Which makes them believe or believed to have some pejorative property and traits. There are mainly two forms: extrinsic stigmatization and the own stigmatization. There are many factors leading to this phenomenon, such as the imperfect law and regulations, the varied quality of the people. In addition, it also includes the inadequate rewards and punishment system within itself, someone and media’s improper propaganda. Of course, we can’t ignore its certain working conditions and the laggard urban management philosophy. It brings about a lot of negative impacts: increasing the difficulty to the law enforcement, affecting the image-building of the government and disrupting the relations between cadres and masses. What’s more, it also hinder the renewal of the harmonious idea. Faced with this situation, the most important is that our government should try hard at establishing and developing the related policy. Then improve the concept of law enforcement properly and structure of the institutions. At the same time, the stereotyped views should keep always updating. Further, it’s very necessary for government to supervise media to ensure their campaign substantive and authentic.

Key Words：stigma; formation mechanism; solve the stigmatization

我国城市管理综合执法即城管执法，目前主要是指在城市管理领域内实行相对集中行政处罚权制度，其实质是行政处罚权的相对集中行使，属于行政执法的范畴。[1]随着我国城镇化的高速推进，城市问题的迅速增多，城管执法日趋复杂化、多样化，也突显出越来越多的问题，城管执法逐渐陷入困境，其中一个重要表现就是城管污名化的形成。城管污名化现象的形成，严重影响了城管执法队伍乃至政府的整体形象，不利于城管执法工作的顺利开展，阻碍了城市管理水平的提高。因此，研究城管污名化的表现形式、形成机理并在此基础上找到去城管污名化的路径，对改进城管执法和提高城市管理水平具有重大的现实意义。

一、城管污名化的涵义及表现

（一）城管污名化的涵义

污名，是社会对某些个体或群体的贬低性、侮辱性的标签，它使个体或群体拥有了（或被相信拥有）某些被贬抑的属性和特质，这些属性或特质不仅使被污名者产生自我贬损心理，亦导致了社会对其歧视和不公正的待遇。[2]故而，污名化即污名的形成过程。城管污名化，即城市管理执法者被贴上污名标签的过程，通俗地讲，就是城管“臭”名声的形成过程以及这一过程所体现出来的城管受到的不良评价和看法。

（二）城管污名化的表现

在城管污名化的形成过程中，城管被看成暴力的象征和权势的代名词，诸多因违反相关条例法规而被城管执法人员执行行政处罚的商贩和不知内情便盲目跟风的旁观者对城管执法“强势”一面的宣传，以及相关媒体不经查实便随意对其进行的反面报道等一系列的因素均在城管污名化过程中扮演了重要角色。从城管污名化表现的来源方向划分，可划分为外部污名化和自我污名化。