摘要随着社会进步，土壤侵蚀成为了人类面对的重要问题，成为所有国家关注重 的环境问题。与此同时，计算机技术迅速发展，尤其“3S”技术在近代地崛起， 学者们利用它来研究土壤侵蚀问题取得了巨大的成果。在此使用 ArcGIS 软件的 空间分析功能，通过研究分析滇东南区域的地貌起伏、植物覆盖度、土壤质地等 数据，并且结合现有对于土壤侵蚀的各种研究结果，探讨该地区土壤侵蚀敏感性 水平和空间分异特征，然后联系当地独特的自然属性和地貌特点，综合研究评价 这个区域土壤的侵蚀敏感性水平和空间分异特点，针对得出的结果提出有效的防 治措施和方案，用于合理的保护当地环境和有效利用资源。分析得出：岩溶区域 土壤被破坏的程度整的呈现出比较严重的态势，尤其需要重视。尤其高度敏感区 域和中度敏感区域，占据了该地区很大的土地面积，需要进行合理的整治和保护， 对于轻度敏感区域要提前做好防护工作。还有少数一部分还未受到土壤侵蚀的土 地，在今后的使用过程中要注重合理利用。73971

毕业论文关键词： 滇东南；土壤侵蚀；敏感性评价；空间分异

Abstract With the progress of society, soil erosion has become an important issue of human face, which has become the focus of attention of all countries。 At the same time, the rapid development of computer technology, especially the rise of "3S" technology in modern times, scholars have made great achievements in the study of soil erosion。 In using ArcGIS spatial analysis function, through the study of Southeast Yunnan region of undulating topography, plant cover degree and soil texture data, and combined with the existing for soil erosion of the results of various studies on the soil erosion sensitivity level and spatial differentiation characteristics, then contact the local unique natural attributes and geomorphic features, comprehensive study on evaluation the regional soil erosion sensitivity level and spatial differentiation characteristics。 According to the results of the proposed effective prevention measures and schemes, for reasonable local environmental protection and effective use of resources。 The analysis shows that the degree of soil damage in karst area is in a serious situation, and it is especially needed to pay attention to。 Especially highly sensitive area and moderate sensitive area, occupying a large area of land in the area, need to carry out a reasonable regulation and protection, for the mild sensitive area to do a good job in advance protection work。 There are a small number of soil erosion of the land, in the future use of the process should pay attention to the rational use of。

Key words: soil erosion; Southeast Yunnan; sensitivity evaluation; spatial difference

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

1 绪 论 1

1。1 概述 1

1。2 国内外研究现状 2

2 滇东南岩溶区 4

2。1 研究区简介 4

2。1。1 地理位置和人文资源 5

2。1。2 气候、水资源与农作物 5

2。1。3 土壤地貌与生态环境