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摘要：氯气，化学式为Cl₂，分子量70.906，在常温常压下，氯为黄绿色，有强烈刺激性气的有毒气体。氯气对人的呼吸器官有强烈的刺激性，吸入过多时还会致死。氯气密度比空气大，约为空气的2.5倍。氯气能溶于水，但溶解度不大，温度越高氯气在水中的溶解度越小。氯气溶于水的同时与水反应生成盐酸和次氯酸，因此氯水具有极强的腐蚀性。氯气在四氯化碳，氯仿等溶剂中溶解度较大，比在水中的溶解度于约20倍。在工业上利用氯气在四氯化碳中有较大溶解度这一特点，用四氯化碳吸收氯碱厂产生的所有废氯，然后再解吸回收氯气。氯气的用途非常广泛，重要用途如：杀菌消毒、漂白及制浆、冶炼金属、制造无机氯化物、制造有机氯化物及有机物。39291
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食盐电解产生的烧碱、氯气、氢气，在国民经济的所有部门都很需要，除了应用于化学工业本身外，有轻工、纺织、石油化工、有色金属冶炼和公用事业等方面均有很大用途，作为基本化工原料的“三酸二碱”中，盐酸烧碱就占了其中两种，而且氯气和氢气还可进一步加工成许多化工产品。所以氯碱工业及相关产品几乎涉及到国民经济及人民生活的各个领域。
氯碱工业的特点除原料易得、生出流程短外，主要还有三个突出问题:能量消耗大；氯与碱的平衡；腐蚀和污染。
毕业论文关键词：氯气处理，工艺设计，设备与选型
An annual output of 42,000 tons of caustic soda electrolysis production of chlorine treatment step preliminary design
Abstract: Chlorine, chemical formula Cl₂, molecular weight 70.906, at normal temperature and pressure, chlorine is yellow-green, with a strong pungent odor toxic gases. Chlorine on human respiratory organs has a strong irritant, but also lethal when inhaled too much. Chlorine density than air, the air is about 2.5 times. Chlorine can dissolve in water, but solubility is not, the higher the temperature the smaller chlorine in water solubility. Chlorine dissolved in water reacts with water while hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid, chlorine and therefore has a very strong resistance. Chlorine in carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, a solvent such as greater solubility than the solubility in water at about 20 times. In the industrial use of chlorine in carbon tetrachloride greater solubility of this feature, with carbon tetrachloride chlorine alkali plant to absorb all the waste generated, and then the desorption recycling chlorine. The use of chlorine is very extensive, important uses such as: disinfection, bleaching and pulp, metallurgy, manufacture of inorganic chlorides, manufacture of organic chlorides and organic matter.
Salt electrolysis of caustic soda, chlorine, hydrogen, in all sectors of the national economy are required, except in the chemical industry itself, there is light industry, textiles, petrochemicals, non-ferrous metal smelting and utilities are great uses As a basic chemical raw materials "three di base", the hydrochloric acid caustic soda accounted for two of them, and chlorine and hydrogen can be further processed into a number of chemical products. So chlor-alkali industry and related products in almost all areas of the national economy and people's lives.
In addition to the characteristics of the chlor-alkali industry, raw materials, birth process is short, the main there are three outstanding issues: energy consumption; the balance chlorine and alkali; corrosion and contamination.
Keywords: chlorine processing; Process design; Equipment and selection
目录
1 课题研究的目的和意义 1
1.1 氯气 1
1.2 氯碱工业在国民经济中的地位 1
1.3 氯碱工业的特点 1
2 氯气处理的任务和方法 2
3 工艺流程简介 3