摘要核工业体系中很多环节都会产生含有硝酸盐的废水，硝酸盐的存在不仅加速腐蚀各种管道及贮存容器，而且会加速放射性核素的迁移，同时硝酸盐进入环境后对动植物和人体十分有害。在高放废液中大量的硝酸盐存有爆炸的风险，这方面已经有很多事故发生。通过向核工业废水中加入铵盐，使其中的硝酸盐与之发生复分解反应生成硝酸铵，再利用硝酸铵的脱硝反应来去除硝酸盐是一种可行的方法。通过对硝酸铵的脱硝反应进行探究，寻找硝酸铵水溶液中脱硝条件对脱硝反应的影响。64567

毕业论文关键词  核工业废水  风险分析  硝酸铵  脱硝反应   脱硝条件

 毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title Catalytic Decomposition of nitrate in Nuclear industrial wastewater

Abstract

Many aspects of the nuclear industry system will generate wastewater containing nitrates. Not only the presence of nitrates can accelerate the corrosion of variety of pipes and storage containers, but also speed up the migration of radionuclides. Meanwhile the nitrates in the environment are very injurious to plant, animal and human. In high-level radioactive waste, there is a large risk of nitrate explosion.Such incidents have been occurred. Adding ammonium to the nuclear industry wastewater, metathesis reaction between nitrates and ammonium can generate ammonium nitrate,in which the denitration reaction will happen easily.The nitrates in the wastewater can be removed through denitration reaction of ammonium nitrate. By controlling the conditions of denitration reaction,the removal rate of nitrate ions can be greatly improved.

Keywords  Nuclear industrial waste；Risk Analysis；Ammonium Nitrate；Denitration reaction；Denitrification conditions

1 引言 1

1.1 目的和意义 1

1.2 研究内容 2

1.3 硝酸盐去除方法简介 2

1.3.1 反渗析 3

1.3.2 电渗析 3

1.3.3 离子交换 4

1.3.4 生物脱氮技术 4

1.3.5 化学方法 5

2 核工业体系中的硝酸盐废水 7

2.1 含硝酸盐废水的来源 7

2.2 含硝酸盐废水的危害 9

2.2.1 燃料循环废水 9

2.2.2 高放废液 10

2.2.3 简易盐雾试验—验证硝酸盐的腐蚀 11

3 模拟核工业废水中硝酸盐去除的研究 12

3.1 技术路线与方法 12

3.1.1 硝酸铵的分解特性 13

3.2 实验研究与结果分析