摘要本文用油酸、油胺、油酰胺作为表面活性剂对硝酸铵的吸湿性进行改性。以吸 湿率降幅和包覆层质量分数为参考依据，并用 FTIR 和 SEM 进行了表征。改性后 的硝酸铵，在 30℃，70%相对湿度吸湿环境下，吸湿 24h 后，测定了它们的吸湿 率。通过与空白硝酸铵样品对比，结果表明：吸湿率降幅随着上述各种表面活性 剂投加量的加大出现先增大后减小的现象，它们的最佳投加量分别为 0.5g，0.6g 和 0.9g，改性后的硝酸铵吸湿率降降幅分别为 9.39%，10.52%，15.42%。这些实 验结果为接下来进一步探索多相沉积法在硝酸铵表面改性中的应用打下了坚实的 基础。68419

关键词：硝酸铵 吸湿性 表面活性剂 改性

Title The Preliminary Study on Multiphase Deposition in Ammonium Nitrate Surface Modification

Abstract

In this paper, ammonium nitrate hygroscopic was improved with oleic acid, oleylamine and oleamide as multification materials. The moisture absorption rate and the coating layer mass fraction as index. The modified ammonium nitrate was kept at

30 ℃, 70% relative humidity moisture environment for 24h, and were measured their

moisture absorption rates. The coated products were characterized by SEM and FTIR .By comparison with the controlled sample of ammonium nitrate , the results showed that with the increase of surfactant dosage , the decline of the moisture

absorption rate increased at first and then decreased. Their optimum dosage of coating materials were 0.5g, 0.6g and 0.9g ,and the decline of modified ammonium nitrate absorption were 9.39%, 10.52%, 15.42%,respectively.The results could lay a foundation on further exploration for ammonium nitrate surface modification with multi-phase deposition method.

Keywords: Ammonium Nitrate Hygroscopic Surfactant Modified

目 录

1 引言 1

1．1 硝酸铵简介 1

1.1.1 硝酸铵基本特点及用途 1

1.1.2 硝酸铵的多晶型 1

1.1.3 硝酸铵的吸湿性 2

1.2 国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1 无机盐改性 2

1.2.2 添加表面活性剂或有机疏水物和表面活性剂 3

1.2.3 高分子材料包覆改性 3

1.2.4 硝酸铵膨化改性 4

1.2.5 超临界技术改性 4

1.2.6 存在的问题 4

1.3 本课题的提出 5

1.4 研究内容与目的 5

1.4.1 本课题组研究进展 5

1.4.2 此次课题研究内容及目的 6

1.4 研究意义 6

2 实验原理与方案设计