摘要由于天然钙基蒙脱土在结构上具有三维层状的特点,使得其具有吸附重金属离子的性能。但由于天然蒙脱土同时具有层间距小,内比表面积小的缺点,使得天然蒙脱土对重金属离子的吸附效果并不明显。本课题主要研究如何增加天然蒙脱土层间距和比表面积,即对天然蒙脱土进行柱撑改性,从而达到更加有效吸附重金属离子的目的。在本课题中,先通过钠化,将钙基蒙脱土转化成钠基蒙脱土,然后通过柱撑和嫁接引入柱撑剂来增大蒙脱土的层间距和内比表面积。最后使用X射线荧光光谱仪测量改性之后蒙脱土的层间距并用傅里叶转换红外光谱仪对其进行分析。
制得目标样品后,用它对重金属离子(二价铜离子)进行吸附测试,通过紫外分光光度计检测重金属离子的浓度变化,对比改性前后的蒙脱土对溶液中重金属离子的吸附能力,并研究吸附时间对吸附结果的影响。78576
毕业论文关键词:钙基蒙脱土 钠基蒙脱土 柱撑 重金属离子
毕业设计说明书外文摘要
Title The preparation and modification of Na-montmorillonite and its ability to remove heavy metal ions
Abstract Because of the three-dimensional layered structure of raw calcium-montmorillonite, the raw montmorillonite has the ability to adsorb the heavy metal ions。 However, due to the narrow interlayer space and the small inner surface area of raw montmorillonite, the adsorption of heavy metal ions is not effective。 The main purpose of this study is to kown how to increase interlayer space and inner surface area of raw montmorillonite, so that the montmorillonite will have a better ability to adsorb heavy metal ions。 In our project, we convert the calcium-montmorillonite to sodium-montmorillonite。 Then, we use the methods of sequential pillaring and ligand grafting to increase the interlayer space and the inner surface area of the montmorillonite。 At last, we observe the surface morphology and interlayer space of the modified montmorillonite by XRD and FTIR。
The adsorption of heavy metal ions should be tested, and then compare the results of raw montmorillonite with the modified montmorillonite, including the effects of different adsorption time on the adsorption results。 We could test the content of heavy metal ions by UV spectrophotometer。We also should consider about the influence of the adsorption time。
Keywords:calcium-montmorillonite sodium-montmorillonite pillaring heavy metal ions
目 录
1 绪论 1
1。1 蒙脱石的概述 1
1。2 柱撑蒙脱石概述 2
1。3 蒙脱石的研究现状 4
1。4 工业废水中重金属离子的来源及处理方法 4
1。5 选题意义 5
2 实验部分 7
2。1 实验试剂与实验仪器 7
2。2 钙基蒙脱石的钠化 7
2。3 有机阳离子柱撑改性钠基蒙脱石 9
2。4 钠基蒙脱石的金属阳离子配体嫁接 9
2。5 蒙脱石对重金属离子的吸附实验 9
2。6 测试方法 10
3 产品结构表征及测试结果 11
3。1 钠基蒙脱石吸蓝量的测定结果 11
3。2 膨胀容测试结果