摘要本研究课题利用改性膨润土作为吸附剂处理含磷废水，以降低废水中的磷含 量。实验用氯化镧和氯化铁这两种溶液改性膨润土，考察不同浓度改性剂的改性 效果。同时分别研究了吸附剂投加量、磷溶液初始 pH 值、吸附时间、吸附温度、 磷溶液初始浓度等因素对改性膨润土的吸附效果的影响。83169

研究结果表明：用氯化镧和氯化铁改性之后的膨润土对磷的吸附性能大大提 高，当投加量为 0。5g/100mL，处理浓度为 10mg/L 含磷废水时，其吸附效果从约 47。8%分别提高到 96。7%和 98。5%，提高了 50%左右。因素影响实验结果发现， 磷去除率随着改性吸附剂投加量的增加而提高，当投加量为 0。5g/100mL 时，磷 去除率最高；初始含磷废水 pH 值对磷去除率影响很大，酸碱性条件下，磷去除 率较低，中性条件下磷去除率最高,去除率可达 98。5%；吸附温度对磷去除率影响 不大；磷去除率随吸附时间的延长而不断提高，当吸附时间达 30min 时，磷去除 率随着时间的延长基本不再提高。

对改性后的膨润土的吸附结果用 Langmuir 和 Freundlish 等温方程进行拟合， 结果发现氯化镧和氯化铁改性的膨润土对磷的吸附符合 Freundlish 模型，其 R² 值分别为 0。9650 和 0。9374。

毕业论文关键字：含磷废水；膨润土；改性；氯化镧；氯化铁

Abstract This research use of bentonite as adsorbent phosphorus waste water treatment to reduce the phosphorus content of the wastewater。 Experiment with lanthanum chloride, ferric chloride and the two solutions bentonite, modified study the effects of different concentrations of modifiers。 At the same time we studied the adsorbent dosage, initial pH value of the phosphate solution, sorption time, temperature, initial concentration of phosphorus on the adsorption effect of the modified bentonite。

The results showed that: lanthanum chloride and bentonite modified after ferric chloride adsorption properties of phosphorus greatly improved when dosage of 0。5g/100mL, concentration of 10mg/L phosphorus wastewater, the adsorption effect from about 47。8%, respectively, increased to 96。7% and 98。5%, increased about 50%。 Factors Experimental results show that with the increase of phosphorus removal modified adsorbent dosage and increase as the dosage of 0。5g/100mL, the phosphorus removal rate; phosphorus wastewater initial pH on phosphorus removal under great, pH conditions, low phosphorus removal, phosphorus removal rate under neutral conditions, the removal rate of up to 98。5%; adsorption temperature has little effect on phosphorus removal; phosphorus removal with the adsorption and extension of time constantly improve, when the adsorption time of 30min, the phosphorus removal efficiency over time substantially longer increases。

The results of adsorption of bentonite modified with Langmuir isotherm and Freundlish fitting and found that lanthanum chloride and ferric chloride-modified bentonite adsorption of phosphorus in line Freundlish model, which R² values were 0。9650 and 0。9374。

Keywords: phosphorus-containing wastewater; bentonite; modified; lanthanum chloride; ferric chloride

目录

第一章 绪论 5

1。1  水体中磷的来源、危害以及常见的去除方法 5

1。1。1  水体中磷的来源 5

1。1。2  磷的危害 5

1。1。3  水体富营养化成因 6

1。1。4  常见的除磷方法及其优缺点