摘要电动汽车的关键部分是蓄电池，蓄电池所能储存的能量是影响电动汽车续驶里程的重要因素。但目前蓄电池技术没有取得突破性进展。而车辆的制动能量至今还是一种没有被很好地开发利用的能量，因此制动能量回收便显得相当重要。目前车辆制动能量回收的方法有很多。例如液压储能、飞轮储能和电化学储能等等。目前研制的纯电动车和混合动力汽车普遍采用电化学储能来实现制动能量再生。49471

随着科技的进步，出现了一种新的元器件——超级电容。这种新型的电子器件有着比蓄电池高10倍以上的功率密度和100倍以上的充放电速率。利用超级电容可以迅速地吸收和释放制动再生能量。

    本文采用超级电容器作为储能装置，设计了一种制动能量回收装置。文章首先分析研究了车辆制动能量回收中的一般性问题。并给出了基于simulink的电动汽车制动时的动力学模型，并应用Simulink仿真得出车辆可回收利用的能量。并给出了制动能量回收系统的仿真模型和仿真结果，最终获得回收装置效率最大时所对应的超级电容初始电压值。

毕业论文关键词：制动能量回收；超级电容；动力学建模；仿真

Abstract The key part of the electric vehicle is battery, the battery can store energy is an important factor of the impact of electric vehicle driving range.However, current battery technology has not achieved a breakthrough. Vehicle‘s braking energy has not been a good development and utilization of energy, so the braking energy recovery is very important.Many ways are used to recover the breaking energy，such as the hydraulic way,flywheel and the electrochemical way.The electrochemical way is widely used in the newly developed electrical vehicles or hybrid electric vehicles.

Along with the development of the technology,the super capacitor is developed.This new kind of electrical component has more than ten times of the power density and one hundred times of charge and discharge velocity than the storage battery.The breaking energy can be recovered and then released quickly with the super capacitor.

In this paper, the super capacitor energy storage device, designed a brake energy recovery. The article first analyzes the general problem of vehicle braking energy recovery. And gives the kinetic model, based on Simulink electric vehicle braking and apply the Simulink simulation drawn vehicles recyclable energy. And a brake energy recovery system simulation model and the simulation results and, ultimately, the recovery efficiency of super capacitor initial voltage value corresponding to the maximum.

Keywords: Brake energy recovery;Super Capacitor;Dynamic Model;Simulation

目  录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1  制动能量回收的意义 1

1.2  制动能量回收的必要性 1

1.3  几种常见的制动能量回收方法 2

1.3.1 飞轮储能 2

1.3.2 液压储能 2

1.3.3 电化学储能 3

1.4  国内外制动能量回收装置的研究情况 3

1.4.1 国外研究情况 3

1.4.2 国内研究情况 3

1.5  本论文主要研究内容 4

第二章 制动能量回收装置的设计 5

2.1  制动能量回收装置的选型 5

2.1.1 储能装置的选型