摘要本文以不同摩尔比的4,4´-二氟二苯砜、9,9´-双（4-羟苯基）芴、4,4’-(六氟异丙叉)双酚为原料，经高温缩聚、氯甲基化、季铵化和碱化反应后，得到几种不同结构的季铵化聚芳醚砜（QPAES）阴离子交换膜。然后对膜的基本物理性能，包括离子交换容量、吸水率、尺寸变化率、离子电导率及几种代表离子（Cl-，NO3-，SO42-，PO43-）的选择透过能力进行了研究。结果表明：无规型QPAES膜与嵌段QPAES膜都具有较高的离子电导率及良好的尺寸稳定性。离子交换容量接近时，无规QPAES膜离子透过性能好于嵌段QPAES膜；对于嵌段型QPAES膜，亲水链段单元长度越大，离子透过性能越好。64556

毕业论文关键词  阴离子交换膜  氯甲基化  季铵化聚芳醚砜  离子选择透过性

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title  Studies on ion permeability-structure relationship of anion exchange membranes                             

Abstract：In this paper, several kinds of quaternary ammonium poly(aryl ether sulfone) (QPAES) based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been successfully prepared through condensation polymerization, chloromethylation, quaternization and alkalization using 9,9’-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 4,4’-difluorophenyl sulfone and 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol with different molar ratios as starting materials. The properties of the obtained AEMs including ion exchange capacity, water uptake, size changes, ion conductivity and the ion permeability of several representatives ions（Cl-，NO3-，SO42-，PO43-） were investigated. The obtained random and block QPAES membranes showed rather high ion conductivity and good dimensional stability. The ion permeability of the random QPAES membranes is better than the block membranes with similar ion exchange capacity. For the block QPAES membranes, the ion permeability increased with the increase of the hydrophilic block length.

Key words ：anion exchange membrane  chloromethylation  quaternary ammonium poly(aryl ether sulfone)   ion permeability

目  次

1 绪论 1

1.1 膜技术简介 1

1.1.1膜分离特点 1

1.1.2膜的分类与分离原理 2

1.2 阴离子交换膜 2

1.2.1 阴离子交换膜需满足的要求 2

1.2.2阴离子交换膜的制备 3

1.2.3 聚芳醚砜类阴离子交换膜 3

1.3 离子选择透过性机理及研究 3

1.4 论文研究意义和主要研究内容 4

2  实验部分 4

2.1  原料和试剂 4

2.1.1 实验原料与试剂 4

2.1.2 试剂的精制与纯化 6

2.2 实验仪器 6

2.3 聚合物的合成 7

2.4 聚合物的氯甲基化 8

2.5聚合物膜的季铵化及碱化 9

2.6 实验表征方法 9

2.6.1 相对粘度 9

2.6.2 离子交换容量（IEC） 10

2.6.3 吸水率