摘要放线菌因其代谢产物是一类具有较大开发潜力的微生物资源。本实验着重研究放线菌L-2发酵液的石油醚萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用及其抑菌机制。采用牛津杯法从乙酸乙酯、石油醚、正丁醇三种试剂中筛选出对金黄色葡萄球菌具有一定抑制作用的萃取剂:石油醚萃取液,该萃取剂抑菌圈直径达 (22.50±0.25)mm。通过抑菌实验、细胞裂解率测定、菌液中可溶性蛋白含量的测定以及测定菌液中还原糖的含量的变化,电泳法测定对细胞蛋白表达的影响等对放线菌石油醚发酵液萃取物的抑菌活性和其对细菌细胞膜损伤的作用进行研究。实验证明石油醚萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞膜产生了破坏作用,损害细胞膜结构导致其裂解率增加,细胞膜通透性增加,使得其中的生物大分子溶出,从而抑制了细菌的生长。44218
Abstract
Because of the antibacterial and antifungal bioactivities of its metabolic product, actinomyces is widely used in the field of medicine and agriculture as a microbial resource of great developmental potency. The experiment focuses on the inhibitory activity of actinomycetes fermentation broth extract against Staphylococcus aureus, and its damaging effect on cell membrane. Through the Oxford cup method, petroleum ether reagent was selected for it has certain antagonist effect on staphylococcus aureus among three reagents of ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, and n-butanol extract petroleum ether. The extracting agent bacteriostatic circle diameter of petroleum ether reagent is up to (22.50±0.25) mm. The inhibition activity and the effect on bacterial cell membrane injury were studied through the progression of the bacteriostatic experiment, the determination of cell lysis rate ,the conductivity of liquid and soluble protein content in the fluid ,and the determination of the change of the microbial content of reducing sugar in, electrophoresis method for the impact of cell protein expression.The experiment statistics proved that dealt with by the petroleum ether extract, bacteria somatic cell cracking rate increased, the electrical conductivity of bacteria broth, protein and reducing sugar content increased significantly as well and that petroleum ether extract of staphylococcus aureus is of damaging effects on cell membrane, destroying the structure of the cell membrane, increasing cell membrane permeability, damaging its selective barrier function, thus inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
毕业论文关键词:放线菌L-2发酵液; 抑菌活性; 石油醚萃取物; 金黄色葡萄球菌; 细胞膜;损伤
Keyword: Fermentation liquid of actinomycete L-2 ; bacteriostatic activity; the petroleum ether extract; Staphylococcus aureus; cell membrane;damage
目 录
1.前言·5
2.实验材料与方法6
2.1 菌种··6
2.2 培养基6
2.3 实验方法·6
2.3.1放线菌L-2发酵液的制备··6
2.3.2 L-2发酵液中抗菌物质的萃取6
2.3.3最小抑菌浓度的测定 (MIC)·7
2.3.4细胞裂解率的测定·7
2.3.5菌液中可溶性蛋白含量的测定7
2.3.6菌液中还原糖含量的测定·8
2.3.7萃取物对菌体细胞膜蛋白表达的影响9
3.实验结果与分析9
3.1不同溶剂萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性9
3.2金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞裂解率··10
3.3金黄色葡萄球菌菌液中可溶性蛋白含量的变化11
3.4金黄色葡萄球菌菌液中还原糖含量的变化·12
3.5金黄色葡萄球菌细胞膜蛋白质表达的变化·13
4.结论与讨论·13
1前言
放线菌的次生代谢产物是等一系列生物活性物质。当今世界上报道的许许多多种抗生素中,50%以上是由放线菌产生的,放线菌产生的抗生素在农作物病虫害生物防治方面也具有重要作用[1]。比如预防水稻纹枯病的井冈霉素、预防蔬菜真菌性病害的武夷霉素及预防作物细菌性病害的中生菌素等农用抗生素已在生产上发挥了重要作用[2]。放线菌在生长繁殖过程中能分泌许多的次生代谢产物,这些次生代谢产物具有许多优点,如水溶性高、阳离子含量很高、食用性强、对环境污染较小、容易降解等[3],放线菌的次生代谢产物作为一种食品防腐剂在食品添加剂领域里面开始引起人们的重视。现本实验室有一株放线菌L-2,它的次生代谢产物具有研究价值,但是目前还没有对这种次生代谢产物的抑菌活性有相关研究,本实验着力于研究放线菌L-2的次生代谢产物的抑菌活性。多年以来我国的食品防腐剂大部分是化学合成防腐剂为主,化学合成防腐剂虽然防腐性能比较好,但是安全性比较低,对人的健康具有一定的危害,天然生物防腐剂的抑菌性能比较好、安全性能比较高、对热比较稳定、水溶性好,这些优点都是化学防腐剂所无法比拟的[4]。人们同时也在提取一些植物化学成分比如说在白术、肉桂、杭白菊中提取,但是这些化合物的生产容易受到气候、季节、环境、提取技术工艺的影响,而且往往提取过程成本比较高,因此,开发出一种新型的安全的防腐剂,并且应用此防腐剂来进行食品的防腐保藏成为现在食品防腐的热点。天然抑菌物质有很多,而且来源很广,其中,微生物的次生代谢产物所制造的天然防腐剂有无限的开发前景,具有很大的潜力[5]。